Neuroprotective effects of mango cv. ‘Ataulfo’ peel and pulp against oxidative stress in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes mellitus. Both can damage the brain. Mango and its by-products are sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. We hypothesized that mango cv. 'Ataulfo' peel and pulp mitigate oxidative stress in the brain of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. RESULTS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, untreated diabetic (UD), diabetic treated with a mango-supplemented diet (MTD), and diabetic pretreated with a mango-supplemented diet (MPD). The rats were fed the different diets for 4 weeks after diabetes induction (MTD), or 2 weeks before and 4 weeks after induction (MPD). After the intervention, serum and brain (cerebellum and cortex) were collected to evaluate gene expression, enzyme activity, and redox biomarkers. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression increased in the cortex of the MTD group, whereas glutathione-Stransferase p1 (GSTp1) expression was higher in the cortex of the MTD group, and cortex and cerebellum of the MPD group. SOD1 activity was higher in the cerebellum and cortex of all diabetic groups, whereas GST activity increased in the cerebellum and cortex of the MPD group. Lipid peroxidation increased in the cerebellum and cortex of the UD group; however, a mangosupplemented diet prevented this increase in both regions, while also mitigating polyphagia and weight loss, and maintaining stable glycemia in diabetic rats. CONCLUSION: We propose that mango exerts potent neuroprotective properties against diabetes-induced oxidative stress. It can be an alternative to prevent and treat biochemical alterations caused by diabetes.

Sub‐chronic consumption of a phenolic‐rich avocado paste extract induces GLP‐1‐, leptin‐, and adiponectin‐mediated satiety in Wistar rats

“…All animals consumed approximately 22–30 g/d, similar amounts to those previously reported for adult male Wistar rats, which, according to the experimental diets used, are equivalent to 63.58 ± 0.75 to 86.7 ± 0.54 kcal/d (Della‐Zuana et al., 2002). This energy intake has been previously reported by different authors, where male Wistar rats aged 12–14 weeks consumed an average of 78.4 kcal/day (Cázares‐Camacho et al., 2021). It is apparent that animals fed non‐supplemented diets consumed similar amounts and with minimal fluctuations throughout the experimental period, which suggests that caloric intake was unaffected by macronutrient composition of the diets.…”

“…Table 2 shows the animals’ glycemia at the initial (week 0) and final (week 8) experimental week. Glucose levels at both sampling times were normal for male Wistar rats of similar age (Cázares‐Camacho et al., 2021), and did not vary in response to dietary composition or due to the PE treatment. This suggests that neither the HFD nor the PE treatment‐induced any significant changes to carbohydrate metabolism that were apparent on fasting glycemia.…”

Neuroprotective Effects of Agri-Food By-Products Rich in Phenolic Compounds

“…These compounds, apart from their biological activity, stand out for their ubiquity in plants. Their presence in all kinds of fruits, vegetables and plant material has been extensively reported [ 74 , 75 ]. Over the last few years, by-products such as seeds, peels and leaves are gaining attention for their content of bioactive compounds, which is sometimes higher than in the edible parts [ 76 ].…”

“…Therefore, flavonoid-enriched extracts could show significantly high antioxidant levels, as several studies confirm, either by promoting endogenous antioxidants or scavenging free radicals [ 75 , 83 , 87 ]. For example, Duangjan et al (2021) reported that grape leaf extract promoted the gene expression of different cellular antioxidant enzymes such as CAT, SOD, GST and GPX in vivo [ 87 ].…”

Natural products for the treatment and management of diabetes mellitus in Zimbabwe-a review

“…Mangifera indica L. fruit is rich in bioactive phytochemical compounds with antioxidant properties including mangiferin that potentially exerts potent neuroprotective properties against diabetes mellitus-induced oxidative stress. (Cázares-Camacho et al, 2021) investigated effects of Mangifera indica L. supplemented diet (peel and pulp) on oxidative stress markers in two brain regions (cerebral cortex and cerebellum) of the STZ-induced diabetic rats and observed a decrease in lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats supplemented with Mangifera indica L. diet. In addition, the mango supplemented diet reduced polyphagia and weight loss, and maintained a stable glycemia in diabetic rats.…”