Neuroprotective effect of anthocyanins on acetylcholinesterase activity and attenuation of scopolamine‐induced amnesia in rats

Abstract

., Morsch, V.M., Spanevello, R., Mazzanti, C.M.,Neuroprotective effect of anthocyanins on acetylcholinesterase activity and attenuation of scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats, International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.12.006 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. animals were SCO injected (1mg/kg; IP) and were performed the behavior 58 tests, and submitted to euthanasia. A memory deficit was found in SCO group, 59but ANT treatment prevented this impairment of memory (P<0.05). The ANT 60 treatment per se had an anxiolitic effect. AChE activity was increased in both in 61 cortex and hipoccampus of SCO group, this effect was significantly attenuated 62 by ANT (P<0.05). SCO decreased Na + ,K + -ATPase and Ca 2+-ATPase activities 63 in hippocampus, and ANT was able to significantly (P<0.05) prevent these 64 effects. No significant alteration was found on NOx levels among the groups. In 65 conclusion, the ANT is able to regulate cholinergic neurotransmission and 66 restore the Na + ,K + -ATPase and Ca 2+ -ATPase activities, and also prevented 67 memory deficits caused by scopolamine administration. 68 69 70

The essential oil from Lippia alba induces biochemical stress in the silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after transportation

“…However, in the present study, the EO from Lippia alba had Table 1 no effect on the activities of the enzymes NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase, which constitute an enzymatic complex able to regulate the extracellular concentrations of adenine nucleotides and nucleosides (Stefan et al, 2005;Colgan et al, 2006;Schmatz et al, 2009;Gutierres et al 2012Gutierres et al , 2014. Studies by Heldwein et al (2012) suggest the involvement of the gamma-aminobutyric acid -A (GABA A ) benzodiazepine receptor in the anesthetic effect of the EO from L. alba.…”

“…AChE besides cholinergic transmission is related to several non-cholinergic actions such as responses to stress situations. Stress can increase due to free radicals which impair enzyme function (Gutierres et al, 2012(Gutierres et al, , 2014 and lead to disorders in locomotion (Blenau et al, 2012) and fish erratic swimming (Salbego et al, 2010).…”

Neurocognitive Improvement Through Plant Food Bioactives: A Particular Approach to Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Overall, the phenolic compounds seem to present more significant in vitro neuroprotective effects than non-phenolic molecules, which might be attributed to their b inhibition percentage of the tested compounds at the concentration of 100 µM Th-T assay and Thioflavin-T assay Table 3 Plant-origin phenolic compounds with reported in vitro neuroprotective effects Th-T assay Thioflavin-T assay; LPS lipopolysaccharide higher antioxidant potential, namely as free radical scavengers and also as metal quenchers and hydrogen donators (Heim et al 2002;Grotewold 2006;Li et al 2014). …”

“…For example, anthocyanins from Vitis vinifera L. fruits extract (200 mg/kg b.w.) exerted beneficial effects mainly by preventing scopolamine-induced neurotoxic effects (Gutierres et al 2014), while curcuminoids (bisdemethoxycurcumin, curcumin, and demethoxycurcumin) from Curcuma longa L. rhizomes extract, at the concentration of 1 mM, rescued morphological defects on Drosophila melanogaster improving the movement coordination (Wang et al 2014b). In a similar manner, kaempferol (12 and 24 ppm), 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-b-D-glucopyranose (8 mg/kg b.w.…”

“…In general, phenolic compounds were the most frequently studied biomolecules toward to assess mitochondrial function restauration ability, while saponins have been studied to determine the effect on Ab production. Indeed, and as previously mentioned, phenolic compounds are widely recognized for their antioxidant potential (mainly as free radical scavengers, metal quenchers, and hydrogen donators) (Heim et al 2002;Grotewold 2006;Li et al 2014). Commonly known as "powerhouse of the cells," "ATP reservoir" or "energetic factory," mitochondria contribute not only to the proper cellular function, but also to an intensive free radical production (one of the most important endogenous sources of ROS).…”