Neurocognitive function in monozygotic twins discordant for combat exposure: Relationship to posttraumatic stress disorder.

Gilbertson, Mark W.; Paulus, Lynn A.; Williston, Stephanie K.; Gurvits, Tamara V.; Lasko, Natasha B.; Pitman, Roger K.; Orr, Scott P.

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.115.3.484

Cited by 166 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 65 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

140

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Based on prior findings suggesting that pre-trauma neurocognitive tasks tapping hippocampal and prefrontal functions may moderate the development of PTSD symptoms among war Veterans (Gilbertson et al, 2006) and civilians (Parslow & Jorm, 2007), a subsequent NDHS report (Marx, Doron-Lamarca, Proctor, & Vasterling, 2009b) examined whether pre-deployment neurocognitive functioning predicted post-deployment PTSD symptoms. Marx et al (2009b) examined 668 soldiers and found that worse performance on immediate visual memory was the only pre-deployment neurocognitive variable that predicted higher levels of residualized post-deployment PTSD symptoms after covarying level of combat exposure.…”

Section: Va Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Sequelae of PTSD and TBI Following War Deployment among OEF/OIF Veterans

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are highly prevalent among Veterans of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. These conditions are associated with common and unique neuropsychological and neuroanatomical changes. This review synthesizes neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies for both of these disorders and studies examining their co-occurrence. Recommendations for future research, including utilizing combined neuropsychological and advanced neuroimaging techniques to study these disorders alone and in concert, are presented. It is clear from the dearth of literature that more attention in the literature should be given to examining temporal relationships between PTSD and mTBI, risk and resilience factors associated with both disorders and their co-occurrence, and mTBI-specific factors such as time since injury and severity of injury, utilizing comprehensive, yet targeted cognitive tasks.

show abstract

Section: Va Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Sequelae of PTSD and TBI Following War Deployment among OEF/OIF Veterans

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most studies to date, however, used a cross-section design and as such could not determine whether PTSD-associated neurocognitive deficits reflect pre-exiting vulnerability traits (e.g. Gilbertson et al, 2006; Vasterling & Brailey, 2005), emerging disorder attributes, or an interaction between the two.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating web-based cognitive-affective remediation in recent trauma survivors: study rationale and protocol

Fine

Achituv

Etkin

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The immediate aftermath of traumatic events is a period of enhanced neural plasticity, following which some survivors remain with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) whereas others recover. Evidence points to impairments in emotional reactivity, emotion regulation, and broader executive functions as critically contributing to PTSD. Emerging evidence further suggests that the neural mechanisms underlying these functions remain plastic in adulthood and that targeted retraining of these systems may enhance their efficiency and could reduce the likelihood of developing PTSD. Administering targeted neurocognitive training shortly after trauma exposure is a daunting challenge. This work describes a study design addressing that challenge. The study evaluated the direct effects of cognitive remediation training on neurocognitive mechanisms that hypothetically underlay PTSD, and the indirect effect of this intervention on emerging PTSD symptoms. Method: We describe a study rationale, design, and methodological choices involving: (a) participants’ enrolment; (b) implementation and management of a daily self-administered, web-based intervention; (c) reliable, timely screening and assessment of treatment of eligible survivors; and (d) defining control conditions and outcome measures. We outline the rationale of choices made regarding study sample, timing of intervention, measurements, monitoring participants’ adherence, and ways to harmonize and retain interviewers’ fidelity and mitigate eventual burnout by repeated contacts with recently traumatized survivors. Conclusion: Early web-based interventions targeting causative mechanisms of PTSD can be informed by the model presented in this paper.

show abstract

“…In this regard, findings from a number of prospective and well-controlled studies of military populations, which suggest a causal link between pretrauma cognitive ability and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), appear relatively robust to confounding owing in part to the clearly defined principle determinant of the disorder (combat exposure). This evidence suggests that various measures of pre-combat cognitive ability predict PTSD risk in returned soldiers (Kremen, et al, 2007;Macklin, et al, 1998){Gilbertson, 2006 #231}{Marx, 2009 This is a post-print version of the following article: Betts, Kim Steven, Williams, Gail M., Najman, Jacob M., Bor, William and Alati, Rosa (2012) Pre-trauma verbal ability at five years of age and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder in adult males and females. Journal of Psychiatric Research, Regarding the mechanism by which lower cognitive ability may result in a greater risk of PTSD, these papers offer multiple explanations owing partly to the variety of neurocognitive performance measures used to predict PTSD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We constructed birth weight z-scores which were internally adjusted for gender and gestational age as a crude measure of fetal development. Birth weight and gestational age (in weeks) were taken from obstetric records at the time of birth, along with maternal age at birth and parity.We selected other covariables based on the previous prospective and military studies (Breslau, et al, 2006;Gale, et al, 2008;Gilbertson, et al, 2006;Koenen, et al, 2007;Kremen, et al, 2007;Macklin, et al, 1998;Marx, et al, 2009;Storr, et al, 2007;Thompson Gottesman, 2008). Internalising and externalising behaviour problems were assessed in the offspring at 5 years using a shortened version of the child behaviour checklist (CBCL) (Achenbach, 1991a) completed by mothers, fully described elsewhere (Bor et al, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these studies suggest that higher cognitive ability may allow the individual to better translate their trauma into a narrative, and in this way make meaning of the experience, allowing the individual to overcome the trauma (Gilbertson, et al, 2006;Kremen, et al, 2007;Macklin, et al, 1998). While we might expect an increased verbal ability to assist an individual in making meaning of their trauma, our finding that cognitive ability predicts PTSD in females only is difficult to interpret, as these military studies have demonstrated strong associations exist in males (Gilbertson, et al, 2006;Kremen, et al, 2007;Macklin, et al, 1998).In addition to the above inconsistency, civilian studies have found that cognitive ability plays a role in the development of many types of psychopathology (Gale, et al, 2008;Glaser, et al, 2011;Hatch, et al, 2007;Koenen, et al, 2009). Therefore, we must consider that the association we found may be part of a broader relationship by which cognitive ability plays a dynamic role in the development of many psychopathologies across the lifespan.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pre-trauma verbal ability at five years of age and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder in adult males and females

Betts

Williams

Najman

et al. 2012

Journal of Psychiatric Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pre-trauma verbal ability at five years of age and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder in adult males and females Abstract word count is 212 words.Main text word count is 4,000 words.There are 4 tables and 1 figure.There is a supplementary section consisting of 91 words and 1 table.Kim S. Betts, MPH, BEd. School of Population Abstract:Previous studies have shown that high cognitive ability, measured in childhood and prior to the experience of traumatic events, is protective of PTSD development. Our aim was to test if the association between pre-trauma verbal ability ascertained at 5 years with DSM-IV lifetime post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at 21 years was subject to effect modification by gender, trauma type or prior behaviour problems. Using a prospective birth cohort of young Australians, we found that both trauma type and behaviour problems did not change the association between cognitive ability and PTSD. During multivariate analysis, testing for the interactive effect of gender revealed that verbal ability was linearly and inversely associated with PTSD in females only, with those in the lowest verbal ability quintile having strongly increased odds of PTSD (OR = 3.89: 95% CI; 1.50, 10.10) compared with those in the highest quintile. A graph of the interaction revealed lower verbal ability placed females, but not males, at an increased risk of PTSD . Our results indicate that that lower verbal ability in early childhood is a vulnerability factor for PTSD in females but not in males, and suggest that lower verbal ability may constitute a gender-specific risk factor responsible for part of the increased risk of PTSD found in females compared with males.Key words: Post-traumatic stress disorders, cognitive functioning, gender Background:4 This is a post-print version of the following article: Betts, Kim Steven, Williams, Gail M., Najman, Jacob M., Bor, William and Alati, Rosa (2012) Pre-trauma verbal ability at five years of age and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder in adult males and females. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46 7: 933-939.Epidemiological research has found an inverse relationship between cognitive ability with morbidity and mortality. Individuals with a lower cognitive ability have an increased risk of a number of conditions in later life including schizophrenia (Zammit et al., 2004), depression, hypertension, lung disease (Der, Batty, & Deary, 2009), increased depression persistence and comorbidity (Koenen, et al., 2009). However, the mechanisms by which cognitive ability may lead to a decline in individual health outcomes over time remains unclear and intercorrelated with a number of environmental and developmental factors. For this reason, even studies which have conducted extensive cognitive testing prior to the onset of poor health (pre-morbid testing) and controlled for important related affects including socioeconomic position (SEP), familial circumstances and indicators of fetal and child development are unable to completely rule out possible residual confoundin...

show abstract

Neurocognitive function in monozygotic twins discordant for combat exposure: Relationship to posttraumatic stress disorder.

Cited by 166 publications

References 65 publications

Neuropsychological Sequelae of PTSD and TBI Following War Deployment among OEF/OIF Veterans

Neuropsychological Sequelae of PTSD and TBI Following War Deployment among OEF/OIF Veterans

Evaluating web-based cognitive-affective remediation in recent trauma survivors: study rationale and protocol

Pre-trauma verbal ability at five years of age and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder in adult males and females

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About