Neural Mobilization Reverses Behavioral and Cellular Changes That Characterize Neuropathic Pain in Rats

Santos, F. M. dos; Silva, Joyce T; Giardini, Aline Carolina; Rocha, P.A.; Achermann, Arnold Peter Paul; Alves, A.S.; Britto, Luiz Roberto Giorgetti de; Chacur, Marucia

doi:10.1186/1744-8069-8-57

Cited by 65 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The NM technique used here has been described by Butler (1991) and adapted by our laboratory [22, 24]. Briefly, rats were anesthetized with halothane with a continuous flow of medicinal oxygen throughout the procedure (5 mL/L).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies from our group have demonstrated the efficacy of this technique in relieving induced neuropathic pain in rats [17]. The technique aims to restore the mobility and elasticity of the peripheral nervous system that are lost due to strains that are imposed on the nerve trunks, roots, nerves, spinal cord, nerve wrappings, and the meninges by oscillations and joint angles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technique aims to restore the mobility and elasticity of the peripheral nervous system that are lost due to strains that are imposed on the nerve trunks, roots, nerves, spinal cord, nerve wrappings, and the meninges by oscillations and joint angles. The growth of various physiotherapy techniques involving manual therapy that have been studied by researchers (e.g., global postural reeducation [18], joint mobilization [19–21], and the NM technique) has gradually resulted in the reaping of the fruits of new knowledge [22–24]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural Mobilization Treatment Decreases Glial Cells and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the Central Nervous System in Rats with Neuropathic Pain Induced by CCI in Rats

Giardini

Santos

Silva

et al. 2017

Pain Research and Management

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Background. Glial cells are implicated in the development of chronic pain and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) released from activated microglia contributes to the nociceptive transmission. Neural mobilization (NM) technique is a method clinically effective in reducing pain sensitivity. Here we examined the involvement of glial cells and BDNF expression in the thalamus and midbrain after NM treatment in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI). CCI was induced and rats were subsequently submitted to 10 sessions of NM, every other day, beginning 14 days after CCI. Thalamus and midbrain were analyzed for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), microglial cell OX-42, and BDNF using Immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays. Results. Thalamus and midbrain of CCI group showed increases in GFAP, OX-42, and BDNF expression compared with control group and, in contrast, showed decreases in GFAP, OX-42, and BDNF after NM when compared with CCI group. The decreased immunoreactivity for GFAP, OX-42, and BDNF in ventral posterolateral nucleus in thalamus and the periaqueductal gray in midbrain was shown by immunohistochemistry. Conclusions. These findings may improve the knowledge about the involvement of astrocytes, microglia, and BDNF in the chronic pain and show that NM treatment, which alleviates neuropathic pain, affects glial cells and BDNF expression.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural Mobilization Treatment Decreases Glial Cells and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the Central Nervous System in Rats with Neuropathic Pain Induced by CCI in Rats

Giardini

Santos

Silva

et al. 2017

Pain Research and Management

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“…The mobilization was shown to redistribute the sodium ion channels of sensory axons (25), increase neural growth factor and myelin protein zero in injured nerves (38,39). Overall, the therapeutic effects of the nerve mobilization could be accounted for by reduction of physical stress through the movements of the nerves (17,18) and intraneural fluid dispersion (19,20), normalization of sensory axons excitability (25), and promotion of nerve regeneration by stimulating expression of neural growth factor and myelin protein zero (38,39).…”

Section: N Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, the therapeutic effects of the nerve mobilization could be accounted for by reduction of physical stress through the movements of the nerves (17,18) and intraneural fluid dispersion (19,20), normalization of sensory axons excitability (25), and promotion of nerve regeneration by stimulating expression of neural growth factor and myelin protein zero (38,39). As a pilot study, the methodology had several limitations such as sample size, subjects' homogeneity and the length of the follow-up period.…”

Section: N Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of nerve mobilization exercise in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study

Xia²,

Leung³

2017

Reumatismo

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SUMMARYRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints. The neurogenic inflammatory mechanism plays an important role in the inflammatory process of RA, and pathological changes in neural tissues in RA have also been noted. We aim to investigate treatment of the nervous system to relieve joint pain and inflammation in RA. Nerve mobilization, a nervous system-specific therapeutic exercise, was applied on RA patients to determine the effect of nerve mobilization on joint inflammation. Twelve RA patients were recruited from the community and were randomised into an experimental and a control group. In the experimental group, the subjects were taught a set of nerve mobilization exercises while the subjects in the control group were taught a set of gentle joint mobilization exercises. Both groups were instructed to practice the exercises daily. After a 4-week period, their RA pain scale (RAPS) and pain scores were examined, as well as the C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Subjects in the experimental group showed improvements in RAPS and pain scores after 4 weeks of nerve mobilization exercises, while CRP and ESR values remained unaffected. These preliminary data showed that nerve mobilization exercises might be beneficial in controlling joint pain in RA patients. Reumatismo, 2017; 69 (3): 111-118 n INTRODUCTION R heumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent chronic autoimmune diseases. The symptoms of RA are characterized by joint inflammation and deformities that are associated with pain and functional disability (1). The aetiology of RA remains unclear, but an increasing number of investigations have provided evidence that disease perpetuation could be due to a mixture of both immunogenic (1) and neurogenic (2, 3) inflammation. The mechanism of neurogenic inflammation has been described as an inflammation that is initiated by the nervous system (4-6). The neurogenic inflammation is triggered in the tissues by the cutaneous nerves (4, 7-10). The evidence of neurogenic inflammation in RA is supported by a small but significant number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive sympathetic nerve fibres, which have a negative correlation with the inflammation index, a large number of substance P-positive nerve fibres (11) and immunoreactive sensory nerve fibres with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) (12). The current treatment algorithms for RA involve the use of both traditional and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to control the disease (13). Physical treatments are also beneficial for patients to optimize physical functions, decreasing pain and improving quality of life (14-16). A paradigm is named as neurodynamic, which is a series of movements that produce physiological and mechanical events in the nervous system. They are used in physical testing to gain a response to the mechanical performance and sensitivity of the nervous sys- Key words: CRP; ESR; Nerve mobilisation; Neurogenic inflammation...

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Intervertebral disc degeneration and how it leads to low back pain

Diwan

Melrose

2022

JOR Spine

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The purpose of this review was to evaluate data generated by animal models of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration published in the last decade and show how this has made invaluable contributions to the identification of molecular events occurring in and contributing to pain generation. IVD degeneration and associated spinal pain is a complex multifactorial process, its complexity poses difficulties in the selection of the most appropriate therapeutic target to focus on of many potential candidates in the formulation of strategies to alleviate pain perception and to effect disc repair and regeneration and the prevention of associated neuropathic and nociceptive pain. Nerve ingrowth and increased numbers of nociceptors and mechanoreceptors in the degenerate IVD are mechanically stimulated in the biomechanically incompetent abnormally loaded degenerate IVD leading to increased generation of low back pain. Maintenance of a healthy IVD is, thus, an important preventative measure that warrants further investigation to preclude the generation of low back pain. Recent studies with growth and differentiation factor 6 in IVD puncture and multi‐level IVD degeneration models and a rat xenograft radiculopathy pain model have shown it has considerable potential in the prevention of further deterioration in degenerate IVDs, has regenerative properties that promote recovery of normal IVD architectural functional organization and inhibits the generation of inflammatory mediators that lead to disc degeneration and the generation of low back pain. Human clinical trials are warranted and eagerly anticipated with this compound to assess its efficacy in the treatment of IVD degeneration and the prevention of the generation of low back pain.

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Neural Mobilization Reverses Behavioral and Cellular Changes That Characterize Neuropathic Pain in Rats

Cited by 65 publications

References 53 publications

Neural Mobilization Treatment Decreases Glial Cells and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the Central Nervous System in Rats with Neuropathic Pain Induced by CCI in Rats

Neural Mobilization Treatment Decreases Glial Cells and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the Central Nervous System in Rats with Neuropathic Pain Induced by CCI in Rats

The effect of nerve mobilization exercise in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study

Intervertebral disc degeneration and how it leads to low back pain

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