Neural and Muscular Manifestations of Hypothyroidism

Scarpalezos, S; Lygidakis, Charilaos; Papageorgiou, C.; Maliara, S.; Koukoulommati, A. S.; Koutras, D. A.

doi:10.1001/archneur.1973.00490270022002

Cited by 36 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Fincham & Cape 1968, uattrini et al 1993, a slowing of the alpharhythm of the electroencephalogram (EEG) (e.g. Ross & Schwab 1939 ;Scarpalezos et al 1973 ;Pohunkova! et al 1989) and increased latencies of evoked potentials (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid hormone regulates Na⁺currents in cultured hippocampal neurons from postnatal rats

Potthoff

Dietzel

1997

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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SUMMARYThe causes for mental retardation due to perinatal hypothyroidism are not fully understood. Here we show that the most potent component of thyroid hormone, 3,5,3h-triiodo--thyronine (T3), selectively increases the density of voltage-activated Na + currents in hippocampal neurons from newborn rats. Thus, the well known effects of thyroid hormone on energy expenditure and Na + \K + ATPase activity could to some extent result from the enhanced Na + influx through voltage-activated Na + channels. In addition, a down-regulation of the Na + current density in neurons could contribute to some of the neurological symptoms accompanying hypothyroidism, including slowing of mentation, of neuronal conduction velocities, the alpha rhythm of the electroencephalogram, and increased latencies of evoked potentials and reflexes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid hormone regulates Na⁺currents in cultured hippocampal neurons from postnatal rats

Potthoff

Dietzel

1997

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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“…In some of these cases, CRDs may be mistaken for myotonic potentials. Fibrillation potentials, positive sharp waves, and myotonic discharges have been reported previously in hypothyroid patients, 4,40,44 but the myotonic discharges are not common. Electrical myotonia may also be seen with some drugs: 20,25-diazacholesterol, 9,33 clofibrate, 14,16,17 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, chloroquine, 5 colchicine, 38 and hydroxymethylgutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors.…”

Section: Other Disordersmentioning

confidence: 72%

Differential diagnosis of myotonic disorders

Miller

2007

Muscle and Nerve

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The presence of myotonia and paramyotonia on clinical examination and of myotonic discharges during electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies are important for the diagnosis of certain neuromuscular conditions. The increased muscle activity of myotonia produces muscle stiffness that improves with repeated activity. Paramyotonia produces a similar symptom, but the stiffness paradoxically increases with activity. Myotonic discharges are easily recognized on EDX testing because of the waxing and waning discharges. Myotonic dystrophy and myotonia congenita share both clinical and electrodiagnostic myotonia. Paramyotonia congenita and hyperkalemic periodic paralysis are associated with clinical paramyotonia and electrical myotonia. Acid maltase deficiency often produces myotonic potentials without clinical evidence of myotonia or paramyotonia. The differential diagnosis of these myotonic disorders is discussed.

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“…Embora seja bem conhecida a síndrome do túnel cubital, uma neuropatía compressiva a este ní-vel, com manifestações clínicas, à maneira das da síndrome do túnel de carpo, é pouco frequente. Torna-se sempre necessário, portanto, a procura de outra etiologia 33 . Esta, em nosso caso, foi a hanseníase.…”

Section: Mononeuropatiasunclassified

Diagnóstico das neuropatias periféricas diagnósticos sindrômicos, topográficos e etiológicos: syndromic, topographic and etiological diagnoses

Marques

Herrera

Trade

et al. 1992

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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RESUMO -Por avaliação retrospectiva, discriminam-se no presente estudo os diagnósticos sindrômicos topográficos e etiológicos aos quais se conseguiu chegar em 209 casos de, neuropatías periféricas. A anamnese e o> exame clínico-neurológieo foram fundamentais para a realização dos diagnósticos sindrômicos e topográficos. A eletromiografia teve papel relevante, particularmente no que se refere aos diagnósticos topográficos. Os diagnósticos etiológicos dependeram, adicionalmente, de outros exames complementares, dentre os quais se destacam: glicemia e curva glicêmica; avaliação nutricional; avaliação familiar; biópsias de nervo, pele, faringe e seio maxilar; teste qualitativo para a presença de porfirinas na urina; ácido deltaaminolevulínico e porfobilinogênio urinários; exames radiológicos. As polineuropatias mais frequentemente encontradas foram as: etílico-carenciais, diabéticas, inflamatórias desmielinizantes agudas e hereditárias. As síndromes do túnel do carpo, as lesões traumáticas do VII nervo craniano e as neuralgias do trigêmeo foram os diagnósticos mais frequentes entre os de mononeuropatias. A hanseníase, as lesões traumáticas! do plexo braquial e a síndrome do desfiladeiro torácico predominaram entre as multineuropatias. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: neuropatías periféricas., diagnósticos sindrômico, topográfico, etiológico.No presente estudo analisou-se a frequência de realização dos diagnósticos sindrômicos, topográficos e etiológicos de 209 pacientes acometidos por neuropatías periféricas. Diagnosis of peripheral neuropathies: syndromic, topographic and etiological diagnosesSUMMARY -A retrospective study was conducted to identify the syndromic, topographic and etiological diagnoses made for a group of 20$ patients with peripheral neuropathies. Anamnesis and clinical-neurological examination were of fundamental importance for the syndromic and topographic diagnoses. Electromyography played an important role, especially with respect to the topographic diagnoses. The etiological diagnoses depended on additional complementary tests such (as: blood glucose levels and blood glucose tolerance test; nutritional evaluation; family evaluation; nerve, skin, pharynx and maxillary sinus biopsies; qualitative tests for the presence of porphyrins in urine; urinary levels of delta-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen; and radiological examinations. The most frequently encountered polyneuropathies were those consequent to alcoholism or to diabetes, and those of the acute demyelinating inflammatory or hereditary type. Among the cases of mononeuropathy, the most frequently diagnosed conditions were carpal tunnel syndromes, traumatic injury to the VII cranial nerve, and trigeminal neuralgias. Leprosy, brachial plexus injury and thoracic outlet compression syndrome predominated among the multineuropathies.

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Neural and Muscular Manifestations of Hypothyroidism

Cited by 36 publications

References 19 publications

Thyroid hormone regulates Na⁺currents in cultured hippocampal neurons from postnatal rats

Thyroid hormone regulates Na⁺currents in cultured hippocampal neurons from postnatal rats

Differential diagnosis of myotonic disorders

Diagnóstico das neuropatias periféricas diagnósticos sindrômicos, topográficos e etiológicos: syndromic, topographic and etiological diagnoses

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Neural and Muscular Manifestations of Hypothyroidism

Cited by 36 publications

References 19 publications

Thyroid hormone regulates Na+currents in cultured hippocampal neurons from postnatal rats

Thyroid hormone regulates Na+currents in cultured hippocampal neurons from postnatal rats

Differential diagnosis of myotonic disorders

Diagnóstico das neuropatias periféricas diagnósticos sindrômicos, topográficos e etiológicos: syndromic, topographic and etiological diagnoses

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Thyroid hormone regulates Na⁺currents in cultured hippocampal neurons from postnatal rats

Thyroid hormone regulates Na⁺currents in cultured hippocampal neurons from postnatal rats