“…From a global perspective, much focus is paid to the decrease of international student mobility (e.g., Mercado, 2020 ; Yıldırım, Bostancı, Yıldırım, & Erdoğan, 2021 ). The development of a virtual learning environment has become an agenda for universities (e.g., Carius, 2020 ; ICEF Monitor, 2020 ), which is challenging for international students who aim to experience a foreign culture. Yet the research direction of international students amid COVID-19 is place specific and multifaceted which requires academic investigation ( Yuan, Sude, Chen, & Dervin, 2021 ).…”