Nerve graft immunogenicity as a factor determining axonal regeneration in the rat

Gulati, Adarsh K.; Cole, Geoffrey P.

doi:10.3171/jns.1990.72.1.0114

Cited by 65 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Schwann cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages from donor nerves are the principle antigens responsible for immunological rejection, which can impair nerve regeneration in xenografts (18)(19)(20). Therefore, removal of cellular components prior to grafting is essential for successful nerve regeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of acellular nerve xenografts and allografts in repairing rat facial nerve defects

Huang

Xiao

Liu

et al. 2015

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Abstract. Acellular nerves are composed of a basal lamina tube, which retains sufficient bioactivity to promote axon regeneration, thereby repairing peripheral nerve gaps. However, the clinical application of acellular allografts has been restricted due to its limited availability. To investigate whether xenografts, a substitute to allograft acellular nerves in abundant supply, could efficiently promote nerve regeneration, rabbit and rat acellular nerve grafts were used to reconstruct 1 cm defects in Wistar rat facial nerves. Autologous peroneal nerve grafts served as a positive control group. A total of 12 weeks following the surgical procedure, the axon number, myelinated axon number, myelin sheath thickness, and nerve conduction velocity of the rabbit and rat-derived acellular nerve grafts were similar, whereas the fiber diameter of the rabbit-derived acellular xenografts decreased, as compared with those of rat-derived acellular allografts. Autografts exerted superior effects on nerve regeneration; however, no significant difference was observed between the axon number in the autograft group, as compared with the two acellular groups. These results suggested that autografts perform better than acellular nerve grafts, and chemically extracted acellular allografts and xenografts have similar effects on the regeneration of short facial nerve defects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of acellular nerve xenografts and allografts in repairing rat facial nerve defects

Huang

Xiao

Liu

et al. 2015

Molecular Medicine Reports

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“…However, Gulati et al showed that acellular allografts were more immunogenic in comparison to acellular isografts. Although both successfully supported regeneration, outcomes were inferior to that of cellular isografts (28) . Kvist et al performed comparative analysis between allografts from various species when used to reconstruct rodent nerve gaps and detected significant differences in outcome (29) .…”

Section: Nerve Histomorphometrymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In recent years our group has consistently showed that photochemical sealing of neurorrhaphy sites with a human amnion nerve wrap (Fig 1. ) is a viable alternative to suture and can result in superior functional and histological outcomes in comparison with standard suture repair 26,27,28,29 . These observations are likely due to a reduction in intraand extra-neural scar tissue, the prevention of axonal escape, and the enclosure and prevention of leakage of beneficial neuro-regenerative factors.…”

Section: Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Extremity Peripheral Nerve Repair

Fleming¹,

Redmond²,

Winograd³

2014

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel CommandFort Detrick, Maryland 21702-5012 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTIn current war trauma, 20-30% of all extremity injuries and >80% of penetrating injuries being associated with peripheral nerve damage, typically involve large segmental nerve deficits. Standard repair uses autologous nerve graft, secured by suture. Outcomes are unsatisfactory, affecting quality of life and return to active duty. We are investigating a sutureless, light-activated technology for sealing nerve grafts to produce an immediate water-tight seal that protects and optimizes the regenerating nerve environment. Our studies have shown that biocompatible chemical crosslinking of thin amnion and SIS sections considerably strengthens the materials and protects them from rapid biodegradation in vivo that would compromise their function as nerve wrap sealants during the regeneration process. Outcomes of rodent studies of segmental nerve deficit repair using isograft show the best performing wrap/ fixation method to be sutureless photochemical tissue bonding with the crosslinked amnion wrap. Often, autograft is unavailable due to extensive tissue damage and amputation. Importantly, We have shown nerve regeneration using our approach with an acellular nerve allograft to be equivalent to standard autograft repair in rodent models. An ongoing large animal validation study will pave the way for human studies of this technology. SUBJECT TERMS

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“…These rat strains differ in major and minor loci-derived transplantation antigens [5, 6]. Isogeneic and allogeneic nerve grafts of 2.0 or 4.0 cm in length were anastomosed to the proximal and distal nerve stumps in a surgically created gap, as detailed in our previous work [5, 6].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nerve transplant model used for neurosurgical repair of injured neural tissue has been used to define some of the basic cellular mechanisms involved in the rejection response. Studies using this model have resulted in a clear description of the nature of the cellular immune response and the eventual long-term survival of nonimmunogenic nerve isografts and immunogenic allografts [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. These studies demonstrate that nerve isografts elicit no rejection response, and are supportive of nerve regeneration through them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Response and Neurotrophic Factor Interactions in Peripheral Nerve Transplants

Gulati

1998

Acta Haematol

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Several types of immunocompetent cells of hematopoietic origin are involved in determining the immunological and regenerative fate of peripheral nerve transplants used for neurosurgical repair. The present study compares the immunological fate of nerve isografts and allografts with emphasis on the immunobiological events and neurotrophic interactions leading to graft survival and nerve fiber regeneration through them. The nerve transplantation model is unique as tissue rejection/inflammation is observed along with the nerve regeneration process. Nerve grafts become vascularized within a few days via neovascularization after transplantation. This is followed by progressive invasion of host macrophages and T lymphocytes that recognize the histocompatible antigens and initiate the rejection response. Two main types of donor resident cells are involved in early stages of graft rejection. These are macrophages and Schwann cells. Both of these cells have been found to possess antigen-presenting function and also can produce several cytokines. The most relevant to the peripheral nerves are tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-12. TNF-α in addition to its capacity to kill cells is involved in activation of macrophages. IL-12 and IFN-γ have a potential role in modulating and enhancing of the immune response. Finally, IL-1 is of special significance because it promotes the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) by the Schwann cells of the peripheral nerve and is important for nerve fiber regeneration. NGF in turn has been shown to enhance macrophage function and inflammatory response. Taken together, these findings show that NGF levels and inflammation in injured tissue play an important role in determining the success of transplants and in tissue repair.

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Nerve graft immunogenicity as a factor determining axonal regeneration in the rat

Cited by 65 publications

References 21 publications

A comparative study of acellular nerve xenografts and allografts in repairing rat facial nerve defects

A comparative study of acellular nerve xenografts and allografts in repairing rat facial nerve defects

Large Extremity Peripheral Nerve Repair

Immune Response and Neurotrophic Factor Interactions in Peripheral Nerve Transplants

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