Neoprotoparmelia gen. nov. and Maronina (Lecanorales, Protoparmelioideae): species description and generic delimitation using DNA barcodes and phenotypical characters

Abstract

Multilocus phylogenetic studies revealed a high level of cryptic diversity within the lichen-forming fungal genus Maronina (Protoparmelioideae, Parmeliaceae). Coalescent-based species delimitation suggested that most of the cryptic molecular lineages warranted recognition as separate species. Here we study the morphology and chemistry of these taxa and formally describe eight new species based on phenotypical and molecular characters. Further, we evaluate the use of ITS rDNA as a DNA barcode for identifying species in this genus. For the first time, we obtained an ITS sequence of Maroninaaustraliensis, the type species of the genus and showed that it is phylogenetically not closely related to species currently placed in Maronina or Protoparmelia. We assembled a dataset of 66 ITS sequences to assess the interspecies genetic distances amongst the twelve Maronina species using ITS as DNA barcode. We found that Maronina and Protoparmelia form a supported monophyletic group whereas M.australiensis is sister to both. We therefore propose a new genus Neoprotoparmelia to accommodate the tropical-subtropical species within Protoparmelioideae, with Neoprotoparmeliacorallifera as the type, N.amerisidiata, N.australisidiata, N.brasilisidiata, N.capensis, N.crassa, N.pauli, N.plurisporibadia and N.siamisidiata as new species and N.capitata, N.isidiata, N.multifera, N.orientalis and N.pulchra as new proposed combinations. We provide a key to Neoprotoparmelia and confirm the use of ITS for accurately identifying species in this group.

Phylogenetic structure of lichen metacommunities in Amazonian and Northeast Brazil

“…Since molecular data were only available for a small proportion of the species and often based on only partly overlapping sets of markers, we opted for a supertree approach, by constructing a cladogram resolved to genus level from published phylogenies (Andersen & Ekman, 2005; Aptroot & Lücking, 2016; Aptroot, Ertz, et al, 2015; Arup et al, 2013; Baloch et al, 2010; Buaruang et al, 2015; Chen et al, 2015; Crespo et al, 2010; Dal Forno et al, 2013; Diederich et al, 2011; Divakar et al, 2017; Ertz & Diederich, 2015; Ertz & Tehler, 2001; Ertz et al, 2009, 2015; Frisch et al 2006, 2014; Grube et al, 2004; Gueidan et al, 2008, 2014, 2016; Hyde et al, 2013; Kalb et al, 2011; Kantvilas & Lumbsch, 2012; Kauff et al, 2018; Kistenich et al, 2018; Kraichak et al, 2014, 2018; Lücking, 2019; Lücking et al, 2004, 2013, 2014, 2017; Lücking, Johnston, et al, 2016, Lücking, Nelsen, et al, 2016; Lumbsch, Kraichak, et al, 2014, Lumbsch, Parnmen, et al, 2014; Medeiros et al, 2017; Miadlikowska et al, 2014; Muggia et al, 2010; Nelsen et al, 2011, 2014; Otálora et al, 2013; Rivas Plata et al, 2013; Singh, Aptroot, et al, 2018, Singh, Dal Grande, et al, 2018; Schmitt et al, 2003, 2009; Schultz & Büdel, 2003; Schultz et al, 2001; Sobreira et al, 2018; Weerakoon et al, 2012).…”

“…Examples are Astrothelium (Trypetheliaceae), Graphis (Graphidaceae) and Mazosia (Roccellaceae), or the recently established genus Neoprotoparmelia s.lat. (Santos et al, 2019;Singh et al, 2017, Singh, Aptroot, et al, 2018, Singh, Dal Grande, et al, 2018. In contrast, closely related species of vascular plants and vertebrates are usually allopatric or ecologically differentiated, thus avoiding competitive exclusion (Beaudrot et al, 2013;Burns & Strauss, 2011).…”

Actualización nomenclatural y taxonómica del Catálogo de Líquenes de Colombia

“…Hafellner & R.W.Rogers ≡ Neoprotoparmelia multifera (Nyl.) Garima Singh, Lumbsch & I. Schmitt (Singh, et al, 2018).…”

Canoparmelia texana (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) consists of two independent lineages

“…In fact, the estimate by Crespo & Lumbsch (2010) of 80 cryptic lineages in parmelioid lichens hidden under widely distributed species seems, about a decade later, too conservative. Recently there has been an increased interest in improving the understanding of species delimitation in tropical lineages, resulting in the discovery and description of new clades, primarily based on molecular data (Parnmen et al 2012; Moncada et al 2013; Kirika et al 2016 a , b , 2017, 2019; Singh et al 2018). Given that tropical regions are biodiversity hot spots and are among the most species-rich areas for lichenized fungi, a better understanding of the delimitation of species in the tropics is crucial for gaining insight into global fungal diversity (Hawksworth 2012; Hawksworth & Lücking 2017).…”