Neither balance nor bandwagon: South American international society meets Brazil’s rising power

Merke, Federico

doi:10.1057/ip.2014.49

Cited by 41 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Burden-sharing is thus asserted as more "democratic" and respectful of national sovereignty, although the burden Brazil is prepared to share is lower than what its neighbors might deem necessary. Brazil can afford to be a reluctant regional power because its rise, with all its tensions and dilemmas, does not take place in a regional system, but in a regional society (Merke 2015), where concertación is accepted as the prevailing diplomatic practice. A midway institution between diplomacy and great power management, concertación is defined as a loose form of regional organization, "based on consensus-seeking and peaceful settlement of disputes" (Merke 2015, 185).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing Security in a Zone of Peace: Brazil´s Soft Approach to Regional Governance

Malamud

Alcañiz

2017

Rev. bras. polít. int.

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Given Brazil's regional prevalence, its low, late and soft investment in regional security governance appears puzzling. We approach the puzzle through an analysis of contextual features, institutional overlap and policy networks, especially regarding nuclear energy and the environment. Our findings show that Brazil's behavior is explained by a combination of low regional risks, scarce domestic resources, a legalistic regional culture of dispute settlement, and transgovernmental networks that substitute for formal interstate cooperation and deep regional institutions.Keywords: Brazilian foreign policy; Latin American regionalism; Regional Security Governance; Regional Powers; Policy Networks. Introduction B razil is the largest Latin American country and represents half of South America, whether regarding area, population, the economy or overall national capabilities. Its rise has led many to expect it to become a regional leader, as both its defensive and offensive foreign interests spill over onto its neighbors (Arnson and Sotero 2009;Bethell 2010;Stuenkel 2013a;Trinkunas 2014). Yet, this expectation has not come to pass (Malamud 2011;Schirm 2010). Neither has Brazil shown the ambition or capacity to impose itself, nor have its neighbors felt the need to balance its power (Gardini and Almeida 2016;Schenoni 2015). Still, regional exchanges have increased substantially over the last three decades. In this article, we focus on the most crucial dimension of these interactions, namely security, in order to understand Brazil's role in building regional governance.Brazil's home region has two central peculiarities: first, its boundaries are fuzzy, second, its inner core has been characterized Copyright:• This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original author and source are credited.• Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto e distribuído sob os termos da by a long period of interstate peace. The region's boundaries are fuzzy because Brazil has moved them over time: from encompassing all of the Western Hemisphere, to just Latin America, and finally at present to simply comprise of the South American subcontinent (Malamud and Gardini 2012; Spektor 2010). More significantly, its inner core -namely South America -has been peaceful, given the absence of interstate war between major powers since 1883, and altogether since 1942 (Kacowicz 2005; Mares 2001). The enduring peace of the region has led to high politics being conducted through diplomatic rather than military means; its fuzziness means that region-building remains an instrument at the service of national strategies rather than a regional goal per se, as no intrinsic region exists.Given the historically low level of intra-regional exchanges, regional public goods have usually been negatively defined, mostly as the avoidance of harmful externalities. No country in the region has been capable of either...

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing Security in a Zone of Peace: Brazil´s Soft Approach to Regional Governance

Malamud

Alcañiz

2017

Rev. bras. polít. int.

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“…This is not to suggest that Brazil was pursuing a selflessly 'benevolent' regional strategy (Destradi, 2010, p. 907), but that the emphasis on persuasion meant the coercive element lay in the soft cost of non-participation implicit in abstention from Brazilian initiatives. The approach under Cardoso was effectively leadership on the cheap by manipulating the continental concertación ethos identified by Merke (2015) and pushing it to its limits under Lula and Dilma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting consensual hegemony: Brazilian regional leadership in question

Burges

2014

Int Polit

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A central challenge confronting Brazilian foreign policy is its reluctance to accept measures that might restrict national autonomy. This limits the extent to which Brazil can lead and leverage the region, particularly in the face of competing visions such as ALBA and the Pacific Alliance. The issues is Brazil's continued reliance on a consensual hegemony approach to regional relations after neighbouring countries opened space for a more assertive leadership closer to Pedersen's model of cooperative hegemony. Although consensual hegemony allowed Brazil to establish its project in South America, by the end of Lula's first presidential term more was being demanded and the failure to provide leadership goods weakened Brazil's regional position. Current questioning of Brazilian leadership on the continent is found in an almost contradictory approach that sees Brazilian diplomats pushing away suggestions of assertive leadership while more concrete action is quietly taken by other regionally engaged sections of the Brazilian state.

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“…Alguns autores defendem que outros Estados sul-americanos têm Rafael Mesquita buscado contrabalancear o Brasil (FLEMES;WEHNER, 2015;BURGES, 2015), e que o Itamaraty vê a região de modo instrumental, buscando atender objetivos domésticos (SPEKTOR, 2010;VIGEVANI;CEPALUNI, 2011;LAZAROU;THEODORO, 2015). Outros creem que não cabe falar de contrabalanceamento na pacífica América do Sul (MERKE, 2015); defendem que o país assegurou uma posição de "líder do desenvolvimento" sul-americano (PINHEIRO; GAIO, 2014); ou concedem que o Brasil, conquanto não seja um líder "institucional", vem exercendo lideranças "instrumental" e "situacional" (MOURÓN Dimensão normativa: pacifismo, direito internacional e multilateralismo Cervo (2008) identifica traços como a solução pacífica de controvérsias, o juridicismo, o multilateralismo normativo, ação externa cooperativa e não confrontacionista, e a cordialidade no trato com os vizinhos como sendo "acumulados históricos da diplomacia brasileira" que vêm pautando sua conduta no plano externo. Lafer (2009), por sua vez, acrescenta que a busca da paz regional sempre foi um objetivo perene do país.…”

Section: Dimensão Continental: a Escala Colossal E Relações Regionaisunclassified

A identidade internacional do Brasil: uma síntese da literatura

Mesquita¹

2016

Carta Int. ABRI

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ResumoO presente artigo faz uma síntese da literatura sobre o tema da identidade internacional, bem como de suas aplicações ao caso brasileiro. Para tanto, resume os debates sobre identidade nacional e internacional, detalhando as especificidades teóricas, disciplinares e analíticas de cada um, para assim chegar a uma síntese conceitual. O esquema analítico resultante é então aplicado às interpretações da identidade internacional brasileira, repartidas em cinco "dimensões": socioeconômica, política, étnico-cultural, continental e de valores. Tal categorização ambiciona reunir narrativas prevalentes na caracterização do país e também provê um framework parcimonioso que futuras pesquisas poderão empregar e aperfeiçoar. Palavras-chave: Identidade, Identidade Internacional do Brasil, Análise do Discurso, Construtivismo AbstractThis study performs a synthesis of the literature on the topic of international identity, as well as of its usage in the Brazilian case. In order to do so, we summarize discussions on national and international identity, detailing theoretical, disciplinary and analytical specificities of both concepts, so as to arrive at a conceptual synthesis. The resulting analytic frame is then applied to interpretations of Brazil's international identity grouped in five "dimensions": socioeconomic, political, ethnic-cultural, continental, and values. This categorization aims to gather the prevailing narratives used to characterize the country and to provide a parsimonious framework that future researches can employ and enhance.

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Neither balance nor bandwagon: South American international society meets Brazil’s rising power

Cited by 41 publications

References 33 publications

Managing Security in a Zone of Peace: Brazil´s Soft Approach to Regional Governance

Managing Security in a Zone of Peace: Brazil´s Soft Approach to Regional Governance

Revisiting consensual hegemony: Brazilian regional leadership in question

A identidade internacional do Brasil: uma síntese da literatura

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