Negotiating multiple marginalizations: Experiences of South Asian LGBQ individuals.

Abstract

Drawing from minority stress (Meyer, 2003) and feminist multicultural (Brown, 1994) theories, the present study investigated the additive and interactive relations between 2 types of external minority stress (heterosexist discrimination and racist events) and 4 internal stress processes related to identifying as a South Asian American lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) person (internalized heterosexism, acculturation, enculturation, and outness as LGBQ) with psychological distress. With 142 participants, Pearson's correlations, multiple regression, and simultaneous multiple moderation analyses were conducted. Experiences of heterosexist discrimination, racist events, and internalized heterosexism were correlated positively with psychological distress and enculturation was correlated negatively. In a test of the additive model, heterosexist discrimination, racist events, and internalized heterosexism accounted for significant and unique variance in psychological distress, but outness, acculturation, and enculturation did not. To test the interactive model, the simultaneous moderating roles of the internal stress processes were examined in the links between the external minority stressors to psychological distress. Only outness as LGBQ emerged as a moderator. The link between racist events and psychological distress was exacerbated in instances of higher outness, such that respondents with high racist events and high outness reported the highest levels of psychological distress. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed and future research directions focused on the needs of South Asian American LGBQ people are suggested.

Intersectionality in Quantitative Psychological Research

“…In Method 5.A, the analysis of intersectionality frames categories as having multiple main effects, which reflects the assessment of additive effects, typically within an analysis of variance or multiple regression framework. Not to be confused with additive approaches (i.e., approaches that are not intersectional; see Else-Quest & Hyde, 2016), additive effects have been reported in studies invoking intersectionality (e.g., Sandil, Robinson, Brewster, Wong, & Geiger, 2015; Szymanski & Gupta, 2009; Szymanski & Henrichs-Beck, 2014). Crenshaw (1991) described additive or multiple main effects when she argued that sometimes Black women experience double discrimination, that is, discrimination on the basis of both race and gender.…”

Multiple forms of discrimination and relationships with health and wellbeing: findings from national cross-sectional surveys in Aotearoa/New Zealand

“…A number of these studies have been carried out with specific population groups, such as those living with HIV/AIDS (e.g., [ 34 – 37 ]) or low-income populations (e.g., [ 38 , 39 ]). Mental health outcomes are the most commonly examined (e.g., [ 28 , 29 , 32 – 34 , 37 – 46 , 48 – 52 ]), although physical health/self-rated health (e.g., [ 29 , 36 , 44 , 46 ]), health behaviours (e.g., [ 35 , 40 , 45 , 53 ]), wellbeing (e.g., [ 32 , 40 , 47 ]) and healthcare outcomes [ 7 ] have also been assessed. Direct comparisons are difficult due to the variability of the measurement of discrimination across the studies.…”

Asian American women's resilience: An integrative review

“…In a study of acculturated AAPIW, over 40% of participants reported currently experiencing moderate to severe depression while 57% of these AAPIW did not have depression (Augsberger, Yeung, Dougher, & Hahm, 2015). Studies have shown that stress related to assimilating into American culture, experiences of racial and gender discrimination, and history of sexual abuse exacerbated the mental and psychological distress of AAPIW (Hong, Walton, Tamaki, & Sabin, 2014;Hahm, Kolaczyk, Lee, Jang, & Ng, 2012;Sandil, Robinson, Brewster, Wong, & Geiger, 2015). Yet many AAPIW with mental illnesses choose not to access mental health care services primarily due to the stigma surrounding mental illness and decreased perceived need for specialty services (Appel, Huang, Ai, & Lin, 2011;Augsberger et al, 2015;Kimerling & Baumrind, 2005).…”