Neem leaf glycoprotein restores the impaired chemotactic activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients by maintaining CXCR3/CXCL10 balance

Restoration of dysregulated CC chemokine signaling for monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients by neem leaf glycoprotein maximizes tumor cell cytotoxicity

“…7,21 Interestingly, our current study demonstrated partial restoration of lymphocyte chemotaxis and cytotoxicity after cellular treatment with NLGP. 7,10,23 In vivo, T lymphocytes alone cannot kill the tumor cells; thus, cooperation with other cellular components is essential for optimal killing. Antigen presenting MO/Mw have a significant role in controlling T cell-mediated tumor cell killing.…”

“…In order to further study the role of NLGP in restoring several immune dysfunctions, 7,9,26 we evaluated the regulatory role of this immunomodulator on dysregulated CCR5 signaling in HNSCC patient cells. This study is particularly relevant because of a report on CXC chemokines in HNSCC, 7 in which a positive role for NLGP was demonstrated.…”

“…NLGP was purified from this crude preparation by extensive dialysis against PBS (pH 7.4) and ammonium sulfate precipitation, as described. 7,19 Finally, NLGP was concentrated with Centricon Membrane Filtration (Millipore Corporation, Bedford, MA, USA) with a 10 kDa molecular weight cut-off. Protein concentration of the purified preparation containing NLGP was measured by Lowry's method using Folin's phenol reagent.…”

“…As we have previously demonstrated severe immunosuppression 8 and dysregulated CXC chemokine signaling 7,21 in HNSCC patients, we decided to examine the status of an important CC chemokine receptor in these patients. For this purpose, purified MO/Mw from HNSCC patients (n512) and healthy individuals (n512) were surface-labeled with antihuman CCR5 antibody for flow cytometric analysis.…”

“…5,6 We have previously demonstrated that defective migration of leukocytes (T cells/NK cells) with high expression of the CXCR3B splice variant is corrected by neem leaf glycoprotein (NLGP). 7 As tumor, tumor microenvironment and tumor secreted factors dictate immune cells to subvert immune system, optimum synchronization of associated immune functions is essential to maximize tumor cell killing. One such function is antigen presentation and positive costimulation, which is mainly performed by antigen presenting cells.…”