Natural Compounds Extracted from Medicinal Plants and Their Immunomodulatory Activities

Gurjar, Vinod Kumar; Pal, Dilipkumar

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54027-2_6

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 215 publications

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“…It effectively heals leukoderma, inflammatory illnesses, gastrointestinal & urinary disorders, scorpion stings, and snake bites [91,92]. Additionally, it controls the immunological responses of splenocytes by triggering concanavalin-A and LPS interactions [93]. According to an in vitro investigation, scrocaffeside-A increases CD4/CD8 population and cytokine production in splenocytes, which activates peritoneal macrophages and natural killer cell activity.…”

Section: Glycosidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective Chapter: Phytocompounds as Immunomodulators

Cherian,

Vadivel

2023

Immunosuppression and Immunomodulation

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Healthy operation of every organ depends on immune cells. T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells that control the immune homeostasis. Immunotherapy includes the process by which immune cells are immunomodulated. Immunological responses can be induced by immunostimulants, amplified by immune boosters, attenuated by immunomodulators, and prevented by immunosuppressive agents, according to therapeutic techniques. The over-activation of the immune system is mostly to blame for the rise of chronic immunological illnesses such as viral infections, allergies, and cancer. Immunomodulators may also be used to control the severity of long-term immunological diseases. Additionally, it is discovered that these immunomodulator-acting proteins represent prospective molecular targets for the control of the immune system. Furthermore, it is well known that organic molecules like phytocompounds have the ability to bind to these locations and affect the immune system. Curcumin, quercetin, stilbenes, flavonoids, and lignans are examples of specific phytocompounds shown to have immunomodulatory properties to address immunological diseases.

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Section: Glycosidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective Chapter: Phytocompounds as Immunomodulators

Cherian,

Vadivel

2023

Immunosuppression and Immunomodulation

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“…In a study that was published in the Journal of Ginseng Research, it was discovered that a Panax ginseng extract decreased joint damage and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis-affected rats. Another study in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology discovered that Panax ginseng and green tea together improved osteoarthritis patients' joint pain and stiffness [56].…”

Section: Panax Ginseng Powdermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of VARVIMAX™ In the Treatment of Chronic Inflammation and Pain in Arthritis and Fibromyalgia

Ullah

2023

JAMMR

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Background: Arthritis and fibromyalgia are chronic inflammatory conditions that cause significant pain and discomfort in affected individuals. Current treatments, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are associated with adverse effects and do not always provide adequate relief. Therefore, there is a need for safe and effective treatments for chronic inflammation and pain in arthritis and fibromyalgia. Review of the Literature: This review aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of VARVIMAX™, a dietary supplement derived from a plant extract, for managing chronic pain in arthritis and fibromyalgia. According to the literature, the prevalence of fibromyalgia and arthritis is still high and even these two conditions occur together. VARVIMAX™ is a dietary supplement derived from a plant extract. VARVIMAX™ contains high levels of anthocyanins, such as Astaxanthins have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The formulation includes amino acids and flavonoids such as choline L-bitartrate, GABA, L-arginine, black pepper (piperine), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), trans-resveratrol 98% (polygonum cuspidatum extract), which all have anti-inflammatory effects and play a significant role in pain management. Studies have shown that these ingredients have been effective in reducing pain, and inflammation, and improving joint function in patients with arthritis, fibromyalgia, and other inflammatory conditions. The most common side effects reported were gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea and diarrhea. Conclusion: VARVIMAX™, a dietary supplement derived from a plant extract Ephedra, shows promise as a safe and effective treatment for chronic pain in arthritis and fibromyalgia. It is composed of several anthocyanins, amino acids, and flavonoids that impart it its characteristic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This results in reducing pain and inflammation, and improving joint function. Further research is needed to establish its long-term safety and efficacy in a wider range of inflammatory conditions.

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“…The MK leaves are used as appetizers, digestives, analgesics, and anthelmintics in Indian cooking ( Bhandari, 2012 ; Desai et al, 2012 ). Modern research has now highlighted the potential of MK leaves as a potent antidiabetic ( Yadav et al, 2002 ; Adebajo et al, 2005 ; Kesari et al, 2005 ), antifungal ( Murugan et al, 2013 ), nephroprotective ( Mahipal and Pawar, 2017 ), nitric oxide scavenging ( Gul et al, 2012 ), antioxidant ( Bhatt et al, 2020 ), anti-inflammatory, antibacterial ( Rautela et al, 2018 ), anti-cancer ( Satyavarapu et al, 2020 ), immuno-modulatory ( Gurjar and Pal, 2021 ), antihypertensive ( An et al, 2020 ) anti-obesity ( Kumar et al, 2020 ) and lipid lowering agent ( Sandamali et al, 2020 ).These unique medicinal properties of MK leaves are accredited to their diverse metabolites. These include carbazole alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, carbohydrates, phenolics, carotenoids, vitamins, essential oils, tannins, quinones, nicotinic acid, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the growth stage specific bioactive diversity patterns in Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. using multivariate data analysis

et al. 2022

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The study was undertaken to characterize the total phenolics, flavonoids, essential oils, quinones, tannins and antioxidant activity of 15 samples of wild Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. (MK) leaves obtained from different locations of Himachal Pradesh at various growth stages. The results indicated a significant variation in total phenolic content which ranged from [(170.09 ± 4.59 to 303.57 ± 7.94) in pre-flowering, (266.48 ± 7.49 to 450.01 ± 11.78) in the flowering stage, and (212.72 ± 5.37 to 363.85 ± 9.79) in fruiting stage], expressed as mg tannic acid equivalents (TAE)/g. The total flavonoid content ranged from [(15.17 ± 0.36 to 33.40 ± 0.81) in pre-flowering, (25.16 ± 0.67 to 58.17 ± 1.52) in flowering stage, and (17.54 ± 0.42 to 37.34 ± 0.97) in fruiting stage], expressed as mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g. Total tannin content ranged from [(75.75 ± 1.69 to 143 ± 3.74) in pre-flowering, (116 ± 3.26 to 207 ± 5.42) in the flowering stage, and (47 ± 1.18 to 156 ± 4.05) in fruiting stage], expressed as mg TAE/g. The essential oil content ranged from (0.64 ± 0.01 to 0.89 ± 0.02%) in pre-flowering, (0.85 ± 0.02 to 1 ± 0.02%) in flowering stage, and (0.54 ± 0.01 to 0.7 ± 0.01%) in fruiting stage. Quinones ranged from [(2.05 ± 0.05 to 2.97 ± 0.07) in pre-flowering, (3.07 ± 0.07 to 4.95 ± 0.13) in flowering stage, and (1.02 ± 0.02 to 1.96 ± 0.04) in fruiting stage], expressed as mM/min/g tissue. Antioxidant activity ranged from [(4.01 ± 0.09 to 7.42 ± 0.17) in pre-flowering, (8.08 ± 0.19 to 13.60 ± 0.35) in flowering stage, and (3.11 ± 0.06 to 6.37 ± 0.15) in fruiting stage], expressed as μg/ml. Data was subjected to multivariate analysis using principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). This was used for elucidating the intricate relationships between the phytochemical properties. All evaluated phytochemical parameters significantly increased during the growth transition from pre-flowering to the flowering stage, followed by their gradual decrease during the fruiting stage. The present study can serve as rationale for commercializing MK for aromatic and phytopharmaceutical industries.

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Natural Compounds Extracted from Medicinal Plants and Their Immunomodulatory Activities

Cited by 5 publications

References 215 publications

Perspective Chapter: Phytocompounds as Immunomodulators

Perspective Chapter: Phytocompounds as Immunomodulators

The Role of VARVIMAX™ In the Treatment of Chronic Inflammation and Pain in Arthritis and Fibromyalgia

Deciphering the growth stage specific bioactive diversity patterns in Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. using multivariate data analysis

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