Near Maximum-Likelihood Detector and Channel Estimator for Uplink Multiuser Massive MIMO Systems With One-Bit ADCs

Choi, Junil; Mo, Jianhua; Heath, Robert W.

doi:10.1109/tcomm.2016.2545666

Cited by 433 publications

(444 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…For the case of 1-bit ADCs combined with time-multiplexed pilot transmission, it was shown recently that the ML estimate has a closed-form expression [32]. Data detection algorithms have beed discussed, e.g., in [33]- [36]. All these works, however, deal exclusively with systems operating over frequency-flat (or narrowband) fading channels.…”

Section: B Relevant Prior Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantized Massive MU-MIMO-OFDM Uplink

Studer

Durisi

2016

IEEE Trans. Commun.

226

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Abstract-Coarse quantization at the base station (BS) of a massive multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless system promises significant power and cost savings. Coarse quantization also enables significant reductions of the raw analog-to-digital converter (ADC) data that must be transferred from a spatially-separated antenna array to the baseband processing unit. The theoretical limits as well as practical transceiver algorithms for such quantized MU-MIMO systems operating over frequency-flat, narrowband channels have been studied extensively. However, the practically relevant scenario where such communication systems operate over frequency-selective, wideband channels is less well understood. This paper investigates the uplink performance of a quantized massive MU-MIMO system that deploys orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) for wideband communication. We propose new algorithms for quantized maximum a-posteriori (MAP) channel estimation and data detection, and we study the associated performance/quantization trade-offs. Our results demonstrate that coarse quantization (e.g., four to six bits, depending on the ratio between the number of BS antennas and the number of users) in massive MU-MIMO-OFDM systems entails virtually no performance loss compared to the infinite-precision case at no additional cost in terms of baseband processing complexity.Index Terms-Analog-to-digital conversion, convex optimization, forward-backward splitting (FBS), frequency-selective channels, massive multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO), maximum a-posteriori (MAP) channel estimation, minimum mean-square error (MMSE) data detection, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), quantization.

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Section: B Relevant Prior Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantized Massive MU-MIMO-OFDM Uplink

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Durisi

2016

IEEE Trans. Commun.

226

223

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“…Previous work has studied the capacity of the one-bit quantized frequency-flat mimo channel [5,6], developed detection and channel estimation methods for the frequency-flat multiuser mimo channel [7][8][9] and for the frequency-selective channel [10,11]. Low-resolution adcs were studied in [12] and the use of a mix of adcs with different resolutions in [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achievable uplink rates for massive MIMO with coarse quantization

Mollén

Choi

Larsson

et al. 2017

2017 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

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The high hardware complexity of a massive mimo base station, which requires hundreds of radio chains, makes it challenging to build commercially. One way to reduce the hardware complexity and power consumption of the receiver is to lower the resolution of the analog-todigital converters (adcs). We derive an achievable rate for a massive mimo system with arbitrary quantization and use this rate to show that adcs with as low as 3 bits can be used without significant performance loss at spectral efficiencies around 3.5 bpcu per user, also under interference from stronger transmitters and with some imperfections in the automatic gain control.

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“…The feasibility of one-bit ADCs, in terms of achievable rate, was studied in [17], where it was shown that one-bit ADCs only lead to a small capacity reduction in a MIMO system at high noise levels, and in [19], where it was shown that the capacity at low noise levels is very high and scales linearly with the number of receive antennas. A detector with near maximum-likelihood performance for one-bit ADC systems was proposed in [20]. However, the computational complexity of the detector becomes prohibitive when the channel is frequency selective.…”

Section: Massive Mimomentioning

confidence: 99%

On Massive MIMO Base Stations with Low-End Hardware

Mollén¹

2016

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Massive MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) base stations have proven, both in theory and in practice, to possess many of the qualities that future wireless communication systems will require. They can provide equally high data rates throughout their coverage area and can concurrently serve multiple low-end handsets without requiring wider spectrum, denser base station deployment or significantly more power than current base stations. The main challenge of massive MIMO is the immense hardware complexity and cost of the base station-each element in the large antenna array needs to be individually controllable and therefore requires its own radio chain. To make massive MIMO commercially viable, the base station has to be built from inexpensive simple hardware. In this thesis, it is investigated how the use of low-end power amplifiers and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) affects the performance of massive MIMO. In the study of the signal distortion from low-end amplifiers, it is shown that in-band distortion is negligible in massive MIMO and that out-of-band radiation is the limiting factor that decides what power efficiency the amplifiers can be operated at. A precoder that produces transmit signals for the downlink with constant envelope in continuous time is presented to allow for highly power efficient low-end amplifiers. Further, it is found that the out-of-band radiation is isotropic when the channel is frequency selective and when multiple users are served; and that it can be beamformed when the channel is frequency flat and when few users are served. Since a massive MIMO base station radiates less power than today's base stations, isotropic out-of-band radiation means that low-end hardware with poorer linearity than required today can be used in massive MIMO. It is also shown that using one-bit ADCs-the simplest and least power-hungry ADCs-at the base station only degrades the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the system by approximately 4 dB when proper power allocation among users is done, which indicates that massive MIMO is resistant against coarse quantization and that low-end ADCs can be used.iii iv SammanfattningMassiv-MIMO-basstationer (eng: Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) har visats, både i teori och praktik, besitta många av de egenskaper som framtida trådlösa kommunikationssystem kommer att behöva. De kan tillhandahålla enhetligt höga datatakter i hela täckningsområdet och simultant betjäna flera enkla mobilenheter utan att använda bredare spektrum, tätare basstationsplacering eller betydligt mer effekt än dagens basstationer. Huvudutmaningen med massiv MIMO är basstationens enorma hårdvarukomplex-itet och -kostnad -varje element i den stora gruppantennen skall kunna kontrolleras individuellt och kräver sålunda sin egen radiokedja. För att massiv MIMO skall bli kommersiellt attraktiv, måste basstationen byggas av billig, enkel hårdvara. I denna avhandling undersöks hur enkla effektförstärkare och analog-till-digital-omvandlare (AD-omvandlare) påverkar massiv-MIMO-systemets pr...

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Near Maximum-Likelihood Detector and Channel Estimator for Uplink Multiuser Massive MIMO Systems With One-Bit ADCs

Cited by 433 publications

References 48 publications

Quantized Massive MU-MIMO-OFDM Uplink

Quantized Massive MU-MIMO-OFDM Uplink

Achievable uplink rates for massive MIMO with coarse quantization

On Massive MIMO Base Stations with Low-End Hardware

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