Near‐Infrared‐II Semiconducting Polymer Dots for Deep‐tissue Fluorescence Imaging

Gupta, Nandini; Chan, Yang Hsiang; Saha, Sampa; Liu, Ming Ho

doi:10.1002/asia.202001348

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Modifications of the polymer molecular structure such as the inclusion of π-bridges and donor–donor–acceptor systems have recently improved the emission quantum yield of Pdots made using this approach. Another approach, which is also used in our study, involves either doping or covalently attaching a NIR-emitting dye to the Pdots. − Doping alters the emission properties of the Pdots due to energy transfer between the polymer and the doped dye molecules. The polymer molecules absorb the excitation light and transfer the energy to the dye molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroporphyrin-Doped Near-Infrared-Emitting Polymer Dots for Cellular Fluorescence Imaging

Riahin

Meares

Esemoto

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent semiconductor polymer dots (Pdots) have shown great potential for fluorescence imaging due to their exceptional chemical and photophysical properties. This paper describes the synthesis of NIR-emitting Pdots with great control and tunability of emission peak wavelength. The Pdots were prepared by doping poly[(9,9dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-co-(1,4-benzo-(2,1′,3)-thiadiazole)] (PFBT), a semiconducting polymer commonly used as a host polymer in luminescent Pdots, with a series of chlorins and bacteriochlorins with varying functional groups. Chlorins and bacteriochlorins are ideal dopants due to their high hydrophobicity, which precludes their use as molecular probes in aqueous biological media but on the other hand prevents their leakage when doped into Pdots. Additionally, chlorins and bacteriochlorins have narrow deep red to NIR-emission bands and the wide array of synthetic modifications available for modifying their molecular structure enables tuning their emission predictably and systematically. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements show the chlorin-and bacteriochlorin-doped Pdots to be nearly spherical with an average diameter of 46 ± 12 nm. Efficient energy transfer between PFBT and the doped chlorins or bacteriochlorins decreases the PFBT donor emission to near baseline level and increases the emission of the doped dyes that serve as acceptors. The chlorin-and bacteriochlorin-doped Pdots show narrow emission bands ranging from 640 to 820 nm depending on the doped dye. The paper demonstrates the utility of the systematic chlorin and bacteriochlorin synthesis approach by preparing Pdots of varying emission peak wavelength, utilizing them to visualize multiple targets using wide-field fluorescence microscopy, binding them to secondary antibodies, and determining the binding of secondary antibody-conjugated Pdots to primary antibody-labeled receptors in plant cells. Additionally, the chlorin-and bacteriochlorin-doped Pdots show a blinking behavior that could enable their use in superresolution imaging methods like STORM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroporphyrin-Doped Near-Infrared-Emitting Polymer Dots for Cellular Fluorescence Imaging

Riahin

Meares

Esemoto

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…In visible and NIR-I windows (400–900 nm), the imaging depth is restricted by high tissue scattering and absorption [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. The imaging depth in the NIR-I region is 1–3 mm [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], but the imaging depth can exceed 5 mm in the NIR-II region due to lower tissue scattering and autofluorescence [ 11 , 12 ]. Light scattering suppression and low tissue absorption facilitate in vivo fluorescence imaging visualization of blood vessels with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) [ 13 , 14 ], thereby detecting a tumor region according to blood vessel maturation or tumor-induced angiogenesis [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Stereo NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging System for 3D Tumor Vasculature in Small Animals

Lin

Chan

et al. 2022

Biosensors

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Near-infrared-II (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) fluorescence imaging boasts high spatial resolution and deep tissue penetration due to low light scattering, reduced photon absorption, and low tissue autofluorescence. NIR-II biological imaging is applied mainly in the noninvasive visualization of blood vessels and tumors in deep tissue. In the study, a stereo NIR-II fluorescence imaging system was developed for acquiring three-dimension (3D) images on tumor vasculature in real-time, on top of the development of fluorescent semiconducting polymer dots (IR-TPE Pdots) with ultra-bright NIR-II fluorescence (1000–1400 nm) and high stability to perform long-term fluorescence imaging. The NIR-II imaging system only consists of one InGaAs camera and a moving stage to simulate left-eye view and right-eye view for the construction of 3D in-depth blood vessel images. The system was validated with blood vessel phantom of tumor-bearing mice and was applied successfully in obtaining 3D blood vessel images with 0.6 mm- and 5 mm-depth resolution and 0.15 mm spatial resolution. The NIR-II stereo vision provides precise 3D information on the tumor microenvironment and blood vessel path.

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“…Owing to the advantages of high absorption coefficient and good photostability, SPs usually exhibit satisfactory PA signals ( Pu et al, 2014 ; Sun et al, 2018 ; Chen et al, 2020a ; Zhen et al, 2021 ). However, because of their high molecular weight, SPs are hardly cleared from body in a relatively short time, which may cause long-term toxicity ( Gupta et al, 2021 ). In contrast, small molecule dyes have much lower molecular weights with definite structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in small molecule dye-based nanotheranostics for NIR-II photoacoustic imaging-guided cancer therapy

Zhou

Yin

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Photoacoustic (PA) imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window has gained more and more attention in recent years and showed great potential in the field of bioimaging. Until now, numerous materials have been developed as contrast agents for NIR-II PA imaging. Among them, small molecule dyes hold unique advantages such as definite structures and capability of fast clearance from body. By virtue of these advantages, small molecule dyes-constructed nanoparticles have relatively small size and show promise in the clinical translation. Thus, in this minireview, we summarize recent advances in small molecule dyes-based nanotheranostics for NIR-II PA imaging and cancer therapy. Studies about NIR-II PA imaging-guided phototherapy are first introduced. Then, NIR-II PA imaging-guided phototherapy-based combination therapeutic systems are reviewed. Finally, the conclusion and perspectives of this field are summarized and discussed.

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Near‐Infrared‐II Semiconducting Polymer Dots for Deep‐tissue Fluorescence Imaging

Cited by 24 publications

References 70 publications

Hydroporphyrin-Doped Near-Infrared-Emitting Polymer Dots for Cellular Fluorescence Imaging

Hydroporphyrin-Doped Near-Infrared-Emitting Polymer Dots for Cellular Fluorescence Imaging

Development of Stereo NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging System for 3D Tumor Vasculature in Small Animals

Recent advances in small molecule dye-based nanotheranostics for NIR-II photoacoustic imaging-guided cancer therapy

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