Near- and Middle-Infrared Monitoring of Burned Areas from Space

DaCamara, Carlos C.; Libonati, Renata; Pinto, Miguel M.; Hurduc, Alexandra

doi:10.5772/intechopen.82444

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Using the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) values of blue, green, red, and NIR reflectance from Sentinel-2A 10 m imagery, a set of optimal indices-NBR, MNDWI, NDVI, and NDSI-were used to discriminate burned areas. The main objectives of this study were (1) to identify the burn scope, frequency and severity, and (2) extract the spatiotemporal change features of the wildfire and its impact on wetlands, including the change features of wetland hydrology, vegetation and soil. The final results allowed us to make the following conclusions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to deliver rapid information about areas damaged by fires, the NBR and the relative extensible algorithms have been applied for the regional cartography of burned areas based on high-resolution optical satellite data [46,47]. The formula for the calculation of NBR is shown in Equation (1).…”

Section: Mapping the Distribution Of Fire Scarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commonly, “wetland fire” refers to naturally occurring wildfires, which are considered one of the most important environmental disturbing factors [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. In general, wildfires have negative environmental effects such as global warming and damage to land fertility, ecological diversity, land use and property, but they also have positive impacts on vegetation regeneration and nutrient recycling [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wetland Fire Scar Monitoring and Its Response to Changes of the Pantanal Wetland

Song

Liu

2020

Sensors

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Fire is an important disturbance factor which results in the irreversible change of land surface ecosystems and leads to a new ecological status after the fire is extinguished. Spanning the period from August to September 2019, the Amazon Forest fires were an unprecedented event in terms of the scale and duration of burning, with a duration of 42 days in the Pantanal wetland. Based on the observation data of wildfire and two Sentinel-2A images separated by a 35-day interval, the objectives of this study are to use the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) to map the spatiotemporal change features of fire and then quantitatively measure the fire severity and the impact of fire on the Pantanal wetland. The overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of the extracted results of wetland types reached 80.6% and 0.767, respectively, and the statistically analyzed results showed that wildfires did not radically change the wetland types of the Pantanal wetland, because the hydrological variation of the burned area was still the main change factor, with a dynamic ratio of ≤50%. Furthermore, the savanna wetland in the burned area was the wetland type which was most affected by the fire. Meanwhile, fire scars belonged to the moderate and low-severity burned areas, with a maximum burn area of 599 km2. The case enriches the research into the impact of wildfire as the main disturbance factor on the change of wetland types and provides a scientific reference for the restoration and sustainable development of global wetland ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mapping the Distribution Of Fire Scarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wetland Fire Scar Monitoring and Its Response to Changes of the Pantanal Wetland

Song

Liu

2020

Sensors

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“…The first fire event (Figure 5) occurred in June 2017 in central Portugal and led tragically to a death toll of 64 people [44] and a total burned area of 42,333 ha. The second event (Figure 6) occurred in August 2018 in southwest Portugal, with a total burned area of 23,868 ha and mobilizing up to about 1400 firefighters and 14 aircraft and leading to 41 people injured and millions of euros of economic losses [45].…”

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Practical Method for High-Resolution Burned Area Monitoring Using Sentinel-2 and VIIRS

Pinto

Trigo

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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Mapping burned areas using satellite imagery has become a subject of extensive research over the past decades. The availability of high-resolution satellite data allows burned area maps to be produced with great detail. However, their increasing spatial resolution is usually not matched by a similar increase in the temporal domain. Moreover, high-resolution data can be a computational challenge. Existing methods usually require downloading and processing massive volumes of data in order to produce the resulting maps. In this work we propose a method to make this procedure fast and yet accurate by leveraging the use of a coarse resolution burned area product, the computation capabilities of Google Earth Engine to pre-process and download Sentinel-2 10-m resolution data, and a deep learning model trained to map the multispectral satellite data into the burned area maps. For a 1500 ha fire our method can generate a 10-m resolution map in about 5 min, using a computer with an 8-core processor and 8 GB of RAM. An analysis of six important case studies located in Portugal, southern France and Greece shows the detailed computation time for each process and how the resulting maps compare to the input satellite data as well as to independent reference maps produced by Copernicus Emergency Management System. We also analyze the feature importance of each input band to the final burned area map, giving further insight about the differences among these events.

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“…Since FRP consists of estimates of the radiative power emitted by fires it can be directly linked to the amount of fuel burned and smoke production (Wooster et al, 2005), being used as a proxy of fireline intensity helping to develop and improve suppression and mitigation strategies (Johnston et al, 2017;Smith and Wooster, 2005). Namely, in Mediterranean countries, the use of this type of FRP product is very useful, since extreme fires have been increasing in the last years, presenting an eruptive or erratic behavior pattern, running out the responsiveness and suppression capacities of local authorities (Dacamara et al, 2019;Evin et al, 2018;Fernandes et al, 2016;Pinto et al, 2020;San-Miguel-Ayanz et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean fire danger classes based on the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System, taking into account the Fire Radiative Power products from SEVIRI/MSG satellite

Silva¹,

Durão²,

Alonso³

et al. 2022

Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022

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Fire danger rating systems (FDRS) are widely used across the world for many purposes from planning for daily deployment of fire suppression resources to the evaluation of fire management strategies. FDRS can also be incorporated in different types of models and regions to assess the short and long-term effects of specific fire regimes and fire management policies. The Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System (FWIS) is a widely known FDR system, being extensively applied for fire danger early warning in several regions around the world, namely over Europe. The FWIS includes a set of six sub-indices, based on meteorological data, to predict fire weather danger and fire behavior over regions under study. In order to have a reliable assessment of the fire danger based on the FWIS it is essential to define the most suitable threshold values for each danger class of the FWIS sub-indices over different regions. To establish those limit values for each class of the FWIS sub-indices, historical percentiles were computed for the period understudy, taking into account the occurred fire events (hotspots), despite the lack of information regarding fire events history and its relation to FWIS sub-indices. To accomplish the proposed validation, our approach is based on Fire Radiative Energy (FRE) released by each fire event that occurred in the Mediterranean region, over the study period. The FRE is computed from Fire Radiative Power (FRP) product as obtained from MSG/SEVIRI, generated and disseminated in near real-time by EUMETSAT in the framework of Land Surface Analysis Satellite Applications Facility (LSA SAF). Since FRP estimates the radiative power emitted by a given fire, it can be linked to local fuel burned amounts and be used as a proxy of fire intensity. By integrating FRP measures emitted during the lifetime of the fires that occurred over the regions under study, an estimate of the total FRE released can be easily obtained for each event. To obtain the FRE data for this work, it was considered the period of available FRP/SEVIRI data, from March 2010 to October 2021. Thresholds values of each defined danger class for the FWI, FFMC and ISI indices were calculated considering the total FRE hotspots registered, in agreement with the different fire regimes of the Mediterranean region. Since extreme wildfire patterns in Southern Mediterranean countries have been increasing over the last years, FRP/FRE products are a key tool to monitor and to improve fire managing activities, preparedness-including planning for deployment of fire suppression resources, over affected regions.

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Near- and Middle-Infrared Monitoring of Burned Areas from Space

Cited by 6 publications

References 57 publications

Wetland Fire Scar Monitoring and Its Response to Changes of the Pantanal Wetland

Wetland Fire Scar Monitoring and Its Response to Changes of the Pantanal Wetland

A Practical Method for High-Resolution Burned Area Monitoring Using Sentinel-2 and VIIRS

Mediterranean fire danger classes based on the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System, taking into account the Fire Radiative Power products from SEVIRI/MSG satellite

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