Naturally acquired antibodies against Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin in goats

The Challenges of Diagnosis and Control of Enterotoxaemia Caused by <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> in Small Ruminants

“…Sheep enterotoxaemia caused by C. perfringens is well documented; however, the situation is less clear in goats on account of limited studies carried in the goats. It causes sudden death in goats of all age groups [3]. The excess toxin production is synonymous with the disease and its absorption into systemic circulation produces widespread effects [4].…”

Veal Calves Produce Less Antibodies against C. Perfringens Alpha Toxin Compared to Beef Calves

“…To be able to protect calves from enterotoxaemia by vaccination, it is crucial to obtain insights in the presence and decline of maternal antibodies against the toxins included in the vaccine [ 14 ]. In this study, maternal antibodies against alpha toxin were common in calves destined for beef and veal production, as has also been described for epsilon toxin in goats [ 14 ]. In veal calves, there was a significant decrease in antibodies against alpha toxin until the age of 14 weeks and the antibody levels remained low until the end of the study when the calves were 26 weeks of age.…”

“…Prolonged production of low amounts of toxin in the gastro-intestinal might be influenced by dietary factors and may lead to seroconversion and possibly protection against enterotoxaemia. This has also been suggested for acquisition of antibodies against tetanus toxin and C. perfringens epsilon toxin [ 14 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

“…In other clostridial diseases, maternal immunity against exotoxines is generally protective [ 14 ]. In calves, experimental studies have shown maternal antibodies against C. perfringens epsilon and alpha toxin are detectable up to 200 days after birth [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Comparative evaluation of antibody response in rabbits vaccinated with toxoid, alum precipitated and alum precipitated oil adjuvant enterotoxaemia vaccines

“…Realizing these is a devastating disease of small ruminants with very needs, a new alum precipitated oil adjuvant enteroshort clinical course [1] and therefore therapeutic intertoxaemia vaccine was prepared in the present study and ventions often do not work. Among the five toxinotypes then compared with commercially available toxoid and of this organism, type D producing epsilon toxin is alum precipitated vaccines in rabbit model.…”