Natural products extract effect on bone integration around orthodontic micro-implant: An experimental study

Abstract

IntroductionMany efforts have been spent by the researchers and clinicians to use the implant as anchorage unit in orthodontics. 1 Linkow 2 in his case report that is considered as the first published work in this field, used mandibular blade-vent implant with class II elastic to retract maxillary incisors. After that, in the last few years, anchorage reinforcement becomes possible and wide spread with mini-implants which proved to provide reliable anchorage. 3,4 For orthodontic implants to be successful, several factors should be taken in consideration such as bone quality and bone quantity. 5,6 The bone and its surrounding structures is considered as one of the most important factors that may affect the implant success rate. Bone healing is a local process that has an effect on systemic mineral homeostasis. 7 The major component and essential ingredient of human bones is a mineral form of calcium and phosphorus called hydroxyapatite [Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ]. The calcium and phosphorus components of these crystals are derived from the blood, where the calcium level in blood would be lowered during bone formation but phosphorus elevated this reflect that their percentages are inversely proportioned. 8 For that reason, sufficient calcium and phosphorus is necessary to ensure the proper balance of essential minerals in order to promote re-mineralization of bones. 9 A number of natural products were used since before for controlling bone metabolism in an attempt to promote anabolic effect or limiting/ suppressing the catabolism. Also, Vitamin E 10 added to natural herbal products such as Eurycomalongifola, Labisiapumila that mainly extracts from the whole plant or specific parts of the Background and objective: Bone integration around orthodontic implant is a matter of concern for their stability. This study was conducted to estimate calcium and phosphorous level in after insertion of orthodontic implant. Methods: Twenty five white mature male rabbits, classified into 5 groups: one control and four experimental, with five rabbits for each group were used. Fifty orthodontic implants were used, 2 micro-implant for each tibia. Four different natural products extract were used in this study that included Curcumin 15mg/kg, Nigella Sativa oil 0.25 ml/kg, Cissus Quadrangularis 500mg/kg and Virgin Coconut oil 1 ml/kg. Each product was given to certain experimental group started from the day of implant insertion for four weeks healing period. The biochemistry evaluation was conducted involving calcium and phosphorus level in serum. Results: Significant difference in serum calcium levels were detected between Curcumin, Nigella Sativa oil from side and control group on the other side. Conclusion: Systemic Curcumin and Nigella sativa oil may be used for possibly enhancing bone response around orthodontic implant as reflected by lower serum calcium level as compared to control group.