Natural infection with canine distemper virus in hand-feeding Rhesus monkeys in China

Sun, Zewen; Li, Aixue; Ye, Huahu; Shi, Yulong; Hu, Zheng; Zeng, Lin

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.09.024

Cited by 88 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Most authorized animal suppliers in China receive monkeys from a Guangxi farm and distribute monkeys to researchers throughout the mainland of China. Laboratory investigations of clinical specimens from moribund and/or dead monkeys in the present study and in earlier studies (15,16) fulfilled the two criteria of Koch's postulates: (i) detection of CDV in sick animals and (ii) isolation of CDV in cultured cells. The experimental infection in the study further fulfill the remaining postulates: (iii) induction of a comparable disease in the original host and (iv) reisolation of CDV from experimentally infected animals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

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Lethal Canine Distemper Virus Outbreak in Cynomolgus Monkeys in Japan in 2008

Sakai

Nagata

Ami

et al. 2013

J Virol

120

130

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In that outbreak, 46 monkeys died from severe pneumonia during a quarantine period. A CDV strain (CYN07-dV) was isolated in Vero cells expressing dog signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM). Phylogenic analysis showed that CYN07-dV was closely related to the recent CDV outbreaks in China, suggesting continuing chains of CDV infection in monkeys. In vitro, CYN07-dV uses macaca SLAM and macaca nectin4 as receptors as efficiently as dog SLAM and dog nectin4, respectively. CYN07-dV showed high virulence in experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys and excreted progeny viruses in oral fluid and feces. These data revealed that some of the CDV strains, like CYN07-dV, have the potential to cause acute systemic infection in monkeys.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Recently, large CDV outbreaks have occurred in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) at a breeding farm in Guangxi province, China, with a mortality rate of 5 to 30% (15). In 2008, an animal center in Beijing, China, experienced another CDV outbreak in rhesus monkeys (16). This outbreak was likely associated with the Guangxi outbreaks.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lethal Canine Distemper Virus Outbreak in Cynomolgus Monkeys in Japan in 2008

Sakai

Nagata

Ami

et al. 2013

J Virol

120

130

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“…Canine distemper virus (CDV) is distributed worldwide and affects an expanding range of host species, including domestic and wild canids (1,2), marine mammals (3), felids (2,4,5), procyonids and ursids (6), and nonhuman primates (7)(8)(9). The propensity of CDV for host-switching has raised concerns about both potential risks for humans (10) and extinction threats to endangered wildlife (11)(12)(13).…”

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confidence: 99%

Dynamics of a morbillivirus at the domestic–wildlife interface: Canine distemper virus in domestic dogs and lions

Viana

Cleaveland

Matthiopoulos

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

129

135

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Morbilliviruses cause many diseases of medical and veterinary importance, and although some (e.g., measles and rinderpest) have been controlled successfully, others, such as canine distemper virus (CDV), are a growing concern. A propensity for host-switching has resulted in CDV emergence in new species, including endangered wildlife, posing challenges for controlling disease in multispecies communities. CDV is typically associated with domestic dogs, but little is known about its maintenance and transmission in speciesrich areas or about the potential role of domestic dog vaccination as a means of reducing disease threats to wildlife. We address these questions by analyzing a long-term serological dataset of CDV in lions and domestic dogs from Tanzania's Serengeti ecosystem. Using a Bayesian state-space model, we show that dynamics of CDV have changed considerably over the past three decades. Initially, peaks of CDV infection in dogs preceded those in lions, suggesting that spill-over from dogs was the main driver of infection in wildlife. However, despite dog-to-lion transmission dominating cross-species transmission models, infection peaks in lions became more frequent and asynchronous from those in dogs, suggesting that other wildlife species may play a role in a potentially complex maintenance community. Widespread mass vaccination of domestic dogs reduced the probability of infection in dogs and the size of outbreaks but did not prevent transmission to or peaks of infection in lions. This study demonstrates the complexity of CDV dynamics in natural ecosystems and the value of long-term, large-scale datasets for investigating transmission patterns and evaluating disease control strategies.cross-species transmission | multihost pathogens | reservoirs | state-space models | serology T he genus Morbillivirus includes highly contagious, and often fatal, RNA viruses that cause diseases of great public health, economic, and conservation concern, such as measles, rinderpest, and canine distemper. Canine distemper virus (CDV) is distributed worldwide and affects an expanding range of host species, including domestic and wild canids (1, 2), marine mammals (3), felids (2, 4, 5), procyonids and ursids (6), and nonhuman primates (7-9). The propensity of CDV for host-switching has raised concerns about both potential risks for humans (10) and extinction threats to endangered wildlife (11-13).Although previously thought to be nonpathogenic in cats, outbreaks among large captive felids in the 1990s drew attention to CDV as a potential conservation threat to felids (2). The beststudied example of CDV infection in free-ranging felids comes from Tanzania's Serengeti ecosystem (Fig. 1A), where a CDV epidemic in 1994 killed ∼30% of lions (Panthera leo) and affected several Significance Morbilliviruses are a growing concern because of their ability to infect multiple species. The spill-over of canine distemper virus (CDV) from domestic dogs has been associated with severe declines in wild carnivores worldwide, and therefore mass...

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“…On the other hand, nectin-4, another morbillivirus receptor (8)(9)(10), is highly conserved in its amino acid sequence among different mammals and, thus, may play only a minor role in determining the host specificity of morbilliviruses (11,12). Recently, however, CDV outbreaks have emerged in a variety of mammals, including nonhuman primates, and showed high mortality rates (11,(13)(14)(15). The repeated lethal CDV outbreaks in monkeys in recent years clearly demonstrate that CDV is now a real threat for monkeys (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Distemper Virus Associated with a Lethal Outbreak in Monkeys Can Readily Adapt To Use Human Receptors

Sakai

Yoshikawa

Seki

et al. 2013

J Virol

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A canine distemper virus (CDV) strain, CYN07-dV, associated with a lethal outbreak in monkeys, used human signaling lymphocyte activation molecule as a receptor only poorly but readily adapted to use it following a P541S substitution in the hemagglutinin protein. Since CYN07-dV had an intrinsic ability to use human nectin-4, the adapted virus became able to use both human immune and epithelial cell receptors, as well as monkey and canine ones, suggesting that CDV can potentially infect humans.

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Natural infection with canine distemper virus in hand-feeding Rhesus monkeys in China

Cited by 88 publications

References 18 publications

Lethal Canine Distemper Virus Outbreak in Cynomolgus Monkeys in Japan in 2008

Lethal Canine Distemper Virus Outbreak in Cynomolgus Monkeys in Japan in 2008

Dynamics of a morbillivirus at the domestic–wildlife interface: Canine distemper virus in domestic dogs and lions

Canine Distemper Virus Associated with a Lethal Outbreak in Monkeys Can Readily Adapt To Use Human Receptors

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