Natural Hybridization within the<i>Carex flava</i>Complex (Cyperaceae) in Poland: Morphometric Studies

Więcław, Helena; Wilhelm, Marcin

doi:10.5735/085.053.0101

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Thus specimens of C. ×ruedtii, and especially of C. ×alsatica, have relatively long utricles and beaks, which in many specimens of C. ×alsatica reach even the same dimensions as in pure C. flava. Similarly, values of these characters in C. demissa × C. viridula corresponds to dimensions recorded in pure C. demissa (Więcław & Wilhelm 2014).…”

Section: Natural Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…is complicated by the appearance of hybrids in mixed populations. They are morphologically intermediate between the parental forms or are more similar to one of them (Wallace et al 1975;Kiffe 1998;Więcław & Wilhelm 2014). They are usually completely sterile although some partly fertile hybrids and introgression have been reported (Schmid 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Carex flava agg. (section Ceratocystis, Cyperaceae) in Poland: taxonomy, morphological variation, and soil conditions

Więcław¹

2014

Biodiversity Research and Conservation

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Sedges of Carex flava agg., typical of moist or wet habitats, are difficult to classify because of a lack of clear-cut morphological differences between them and the existence of numerous hybrids. This monograph presents results of research conducted in 2007-2012 in various parts of Poland. The plant material consisted of 1852 living specimens of Carex flava agg., collected from 80 localities, and dried specimens from 26 herbaria and from 7 private collections. The analysis involved 45 morphological characters (34 quantitative and 11 qualitative) and 9 soil parameters. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical methods were used to process the data. The results confirm the taxonomic classification dividing the C. flava group into 4 species: C. flava s.s., C. lepidocarpa, C. demissa, and C. viridula. This classification is based on (i) a high observed level of morphological separation of these taxa, resulting mostly from differences in generative characters, i.e. length of the utricle and its beak, and percentage ratio of beak length to total utricle length; (ii) integrity of the taxa at the sites where they coexist, although some intermediate forms resulting from hybridization are also present; (iii) habitat preferences of the taxa, especially the preference of C. lepidocarpa for calcareous sites and of C. demissa for slightly acidic soils. Thus in Poland the analysed taxa are morphologically well-defined and show clear ecological preferences. Continuous variation of morphological characters was observed among specimens of C. viridula, so it is not justifiable to distinguish its subspecies (sometimes classified even as separate species), described previously in literature. Consequently, the 2 subgroups of C. viridula were treated as local variants (i.e. varieties: var. viridula and var. pulchella), considering their different habitat requirements. Additionally, 5 hybrids were distinguished within C. flava agg.: C. ×alsatica [= C. demissa × C. flava], C. ×ruedtii [= C. flava × C. lepidocarpa], C. ×schatzii [= C. lepidocarpa × C. viridula], C. ×subviridula [= C. flava × C. viridula], and C. demissa × C. viridula; as well as 2 hybrids with C. hostiana as one of the parents: C. ×fulva [= C. demissa × C. hostiana] and C. ×leutzii [= C. hostiana × C. lepidocarpa].

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Section: Natural Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Carex flava agg. (section Ceratocystis, Cyperaceae) in Poland: taxonomy, morphological variation, and soil conditions

Więcław¹

2014

Biodiversity Research and Conservation

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“…Гибридизация особенно широко распространена среди водных и прибрежно-водных растений (Papchenkov, 2007;Iida et al, 2013). Большое число гибридов отмечено в составе родов Potamogeton L. (Papchenkov, 2007;Kaplan, 2007;Gałosz and Ronikier, 2012;Kaplan and Fehrer, 2013;Iida et al, 2013;Ito et al, 2014;Yang et al, 2016), Nuphar Smith (Padget et al, 1998Arrigo et al, 2016), Nymphaea L. (Nierbauer et al, 2014;Borsch et al, 2014), Carex L. (Wiecław and Koopman, 2013;Więcław and Wilhelm, 2014;Pedersen et al, 2016), Ranunculus L. (Zalewska-Gałosz et al, 2014;Bobrov et al, 2015), Typha L. (Ball and Freeland, 2013;Freeland et al, 2013;Kapitonova et al, 2015). Не явился исключением и род Sparganium L., высокая гибридогенная активность которого отмечена многими исследователями (Rothert, 1910;Nicholls, 1986, 1987;Sulman et al, 2013;Ito et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Morphology and ecological characteristics of Sparganium × longifolium (Typhaceae) in the Central part of European Russia

et al. 2017

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The increasing impact of anthropogenic factors and climate change affect the growth of a number of taxa of hybrid nature. These taxa are widespread among various taxonomic groups of aquatic and semi-aquatic plants. The genus Sparganium L. В is not an exception. In that regard, the aim of this study is to conduct biomorphological investigation of Sparganium × longifolium Turcz. ex Ledeb., evaluate qualitative and quantitative criteria for the hybrid similarities and differences with its parental species, as well as to analyze data on its habitat characteristics. Samples were collected in 2014-2016 from waterbodies in European Russia (Tver and Yaroslavl oblasts). In the study on biomorphology of S. × longifolium we used live and fixed materials, as well as herbarium funds of IBIW, MXA and MW. To establish and specify taxonomic features of the hybrid under study, indicating to its similarity with a certain ancestral species, our data on the morphology and ecology of S. emersum Rehm. and S. gramineum Georgi. are used. During field studies, the type of a water object where the hybrid was detected, ecological characteristics of its habitat (type of soil, depth, water temperature and pH) are determined; the list of taxa which enter into the cenosis composition is compiled. The biomorphological investigation of S. × longifolium shows that by life form this hybrid, as well as its parental species, is a vegetative-mobile evidently-polycentric annual or biennial plant of vegetative origin with a racemose root system. The following should be attributed to the characteristic features justifying the hybrid origin of S. × longifolium: 1) a wider, slightly carinated lamina (as in S. emersum); 2) a branched inflorescence (as in S. gramineum); 3) the lower covering leaf of inflorescence, often exceeding the total length of the latter; 4) fruits with a straight (as in S. emersum) as well as bent (as in S. gramineum) style. Interestingly, some populations of S. × longifolium are rich in terate forms that can be explained by back crossing with one of the parental species or pleiotropic mutation(s). It is established that S. × longifolium is not widespread in European Russia, is a typically freshwater species, occurring in the littoral zone of mesotrophic and dystrophic waterbodies (usually in lakes of glacier origin). At present, its appearance in lake ecosystems is due to accelerated eutrophication caused by increasing human activities. Perhaps earlier this hybrid formation occurred in peripheral zones of the range of S. gramineum under cyclic climate changes. Observations suggest that S. × longifolium exceeds S. gramineum in ecological potentials. At the same time, habitat features of the latter have an effect on the hybrid distribution potential (limitation of habitat spectrum) which is hardly exceed S. emersum by its ecological and coenotic characteristics.

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“…At 15 sites we found C. flava and C. viridula growing together or with other sedges, with whom they are able to hybridize, i.e. with other C. flava aggregate members or C. punctata and C. hostiana (Davies 1955; Schmid 1982; Crins and Ball 1989; Więcław and Wilhelm 2014). Samples of the C. flava × C. viridula hybrid ( C. × subviridula ) were found at two sites in Estonia and two in Lowland Switzerland, while none were found in Highland Switzerland.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The authors who originally published these microsatellites had reported significant excess of heterozygotes in few loci (Ohsako and Yamane 2007; Hipp et al 2009). Earlier it has been shown that C. flava is the main partner for backcrossing, as it can occasionally be pollinated successfully by F 1 hybrids or backcrosses (Schmid 1982; Więcław and Wilhelm 2014). This suggests that C. flava was more prone to between-taxa crosses when growing adjacent to other taxa in section Ceratocystis , e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two closely related species differ in their regional genetic differentiation despite admixing

2018

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Genetic differences between regions are usually studied for individual species. However, many species can reproduce with each other. We studied whether gene flow between two closely related sedge species influences regional differences. Our molecular genetic data support considerable gene flow between the species. Still, we detected clear genetic differences between species and regions, and more pronounced regional differences for the less common one. Thus, gene flow between the species appeared too weak to neutralize differences between the regional genetic structure of our study species. We encourage further regional differentiation studies in groups of cross-compatible species.

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Natural Hybridization within theCarex flavaComplex (Cyperaceae) in Poland: Morphometric Studies

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Carex flava agg. (section Ceratocystis, Cyperaceae) in Poland: taxonomy, morphological variation, and soil conditions

Carex flava agg. (section Ceratocystis, Cyperaceae) in Poland: taxonomy, morphological variation, and soil conditions

Morphology and ecological characteristics of Sparganium × longifolium (Typhaceae) in the Central part of European Russia

Two closely related species differ in their regional genetic differentiation despite admixing

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