Natural Extracts as Eco-Friendly Larvicides against Aedes aegypti Mosquito, Vector of Dengue Fever Virus in Jeddah Governorate

Abstract

Severe human diseases are spread by mosquitoes, causing millions of deaths every year. Many well-known and severe problems have been caused by the indiscriminate use of synthetic chemical insecticides, such as the residual insecticides for humans and environment and high operating cost in addition to the possibility of developing insect resistance.The larvicidal and delayed effects of the body wall extract of Holothuria scabra and leaves extract of Acalypha fruticosa against 4th instar larvae of mosquito, Aedes aegypti were evaluated. Ethanolic extract of H. scabra recorded more larvicidal efficiency(LC50, 79.31 ppm) than A. fruticosa leaves extract (152.86 ppm) by about 1.93 folds.Morphological features showed abnormalities on the larval and pupal stages with H. scabra and to less extent with A. fruticosa. Therefore, it is possible to build on the results of this study to use these two extracts to control of A. aegypti mosquitoes and in line with recent trends in adopting combat methods that are safe on humans and the environment.

Efficacy of certain conventional and non‐conventional insecticides against a vector of dengue fever, the Aedes aegypti Mosquito in Saudi Arabia

“…Larval treatment with IGRs and plant oils produced different biological effects against Ae. aegypti larvae similar to the effects of IGRs recorded by many researchers (Alkuriji et al 2020;Alyahya et al 2021). These effects were manifested by the formation of deformities at all developmental stages.…”

“…2020; Alyahya et al . 2021). These effects were manifested by the formation of deformities at all developmental stages.…”

Comparative study of three herbal formulations against dengue vectors Aedes aegypti

“…The Ae. aegypti mosquito is mainly responsible for transmitting several viral epidemic diseases, including chikungunya, dengue, Zika, and yellow fever among humans ( Alyahya et al, 2021 , Fernandez et al, 2018 ) . The high incidence of the aforementioned viral diseases, in general, and dengue fever, in particular, is a global concern due to the rapid spread of the primary vector Ae.…”

“…Vector control is a major challenge because they can lay their eggs in humid and semi-humid environments, survive for several months in harsh conditions, and hatch until favorable conditions ( Alyahya et al, 2021 ). A common vector control method is using synthetic chemical products with larvicidal/insecticidal properties, such as pyrethroids and organophosphorus compounds ( Alyahya et al, 2021 , El-Akhal et al, 2021 , de Macoris et al, 2014 , Mendes et al, 2017 ). These methods have largely succeeded in vector control in some African areas over the past years ( Bhatt et al, 2015 ).…”

Evaluation of Larvicidal Activity of Kaempferia galanga Extracts Against Aedes aegypti Larvae

“…The emergence of temephos-resistant strains in the Ae. aegypti populations have hampered the efforts to control these arboviral vectors and triggering researchers to study new herbal-based phytochemical compounds that are effective, safe, eco-friendly and biodegradable [14][15][16] . As a general criterion, the larvicidal activity effectiveness of a phytochemical compound is classified into three levels based on the lethal concentration of 50% (LC 50 ) which is high, medium and low if LC 50 is less than 50, 250 and 750 ppm 17 .…”