National parks, between sustainable conservation and local development

Héritier, Stéphane

doi:10.4000/geocarrefour.2992

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the framework of participatory approaches that have been codified and standardized internationally since 2004, through the Working Program on Protected Areas [78,14,22], high levels of protection must be embedded in socially and culturally acceptable processes for fair compensation and fair allocation of costs and benefits [7]. To allow minimal access to vital resources and to compensate the limits of ecotourism [79][80][81], national parks could be dismembered into several protected areas managed under various statutes with adequate zonings combining a wide range of management approaches and categories [80].…”

Section: Evolution Of Conservation Practices Models and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of management practices, protected areas refer to a wide variety of goals, management models and legal statutes [19]. Since the 4 th World Congress on Protected Areas held in Caracas (Venezuela) in 1992, the international typology recognizes 7 categories of management goals numbered from I to VI, that are defined according to the types of use and interventions authorized within protected areas [76,83,79,14,84]. It also recognizes two special categories of UNESCO that are "Biosphere Reserves" that can be modeled on each category of management and "World Heritage Sites" [79].…”

Section: Evolution Of Conservation Practices Models and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the 4 th World Congress on Protected Areas held in Caracas (Venezuela) in 1992, the international typology recognizes 7 categories of management goals numbered from I to VI, that are defined according to the types of use and interventions authorized within protected areas [76,83,79,14,84]. It also recognizes two special categories of UNESCO that are "Biosphere Reserves" that can be modeled on each category of management and "World Heritage Sites" [79]. In principle, periodical assessments and the analysis of consistency between the management categories and the management practices allow to modify or to adapt the management categories if the actual management methods do not fit to them [80]).…”

Section: Evolution Of Conservation Practices Models and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Policies and Practices of Nature Conservation in Africa: Ideological Challenges, Bottlenecks and Strategic Vision and Options for Protected Areas Sustainable Management

Elysée¹,

Umuziranenge²

2020

IJSDR

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Africa is the continent of nature conservation per excellence, the testing ground for conservation policies and the symbol of degradation of protected areas worldwide. Though the internalization of international conservation policies and standards has had positive impacts on the extension of protected areas networks, these ones are undergoing increased pressure that considerably threaten biodiversity. Such evolutions call for a revision of the management systems on the basis of preliminary indepth and rigorous analysis of conservation policies and practices. The study aimed to: (1) explore and synthesize the state of art on conservation policies and practices, (2) identify and analyze the gaps existing between management standards and field practices and (3) detect challenges and bottlenecks and define innovative strategic options for efficient and sustainable management. The research relies on the interpretative synthesis and analysis of the hudge literature available on the nature conservation. The results showed that the dominant model of inhabited protected areas and social exclusion broke the historical harmony between populations and natural resources, disrupted traditional ways of life and generated devastating and continuous social conflicts. They revealed that the lack of management tools, the limits of eco-tourism, the inefficiency of participatory programs and the financial gaps lead to increased anthropic pressures and degradation that have transformed most of protected areas into open agro-pastoral parks. More specifically, the lack of management goals, categories and plans for most of protected areas and the absence of appropriate and regular assessments generate visual navigations and improvisations in management systems that result into glaring discrepancies between theoretical management categories and field practices that have globally failed to maintain original situations or to induce progress. Finally, the poor performance of the management systems results from conflicts of ideologies, interests and agendas between actors having strongly imbalanced means, positions and powers. Such conflicts come from the primacy of powerful external actors, the central role of national governments and the democratic deficits in the management mechanisms, the preeminence of ecological interests over socio-economic benefits, the selective international funding, the emerging privatization of conservation and the marginalization of local communities. To address these ideological and practical challenges, prior and deep assessments of management systems are needed for strategic declassifications, reclassifications and classifications of protected areas before the promotion of rebalanced powers between actors in favor of local communities, administrative and financial autonomies, community based joint shareholdings, double universal mechanisms for compensatory financing and domestic patriotic tourisms.

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Section: Evolution Of Conservation Practices Models and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evolution Of Conservation Practices Models and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evolution Of Conservation Practices Models and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Policies and Practices of Nature Conservation in Africa: Ideological Challenges, Bottlenecks and Strategic Vision and Options for Protected Areas Sustainable Management

Elysée¹,

Umuziranenge²

2020

IJSDR

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“…Stephane Héritier (2007) argues that the idea of protected areas such as national parks has become an asset for local development, because the actors (individuals, associations, public and private decision-makers) are increasingly mobilizing around these original territorial shapes. These actors have a decisive role at the local level and, in this regard, stimulate or follow economic and social actions, with the aim of improving the economic activity of territories and adapting them for the benefit of local residents.…”

Section: Conservation Of Natural Areas In São Paulomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multilateral institutions like the International union for Conservation of nature (IuCn) also offer important contributions. on an international scale, the IuCn has established six categories of protected areas, 1 with no consensus on the criteria of this typology, since countries have different ways of classifying them according to locke & Dearden (apud Héritier, 2007). although controversial, its significance refers to the possibility of having an indicator that allows comparisons between the situations of different countries.…”

Section: Conservation Of Natural Areas In São Paulomentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservação de áreas naturais em São Paulo

Mello-Théry¹

2011

Estud. av.

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O argumento central deste texto é a conexão entre as áreas ambientalmente protegidas, sua importância no contexto de uma metrópole mundial e os conflitos decorrentes do crescimento da população metropolitana. Em cidades como São Paulo, a presença de vegetação é um patrimônio, um indicador de qualidade de vida levado em conta pelo mercado imobiliário. Assim, o primeiro objetivo deste texto é analisar a perspectiva territorial da proteção ambiental, referindo-se ao ordenamento interno da grande metrópole e às ações coletivas de valorização territorial. Em vista desses elementos, analisamos, na segunda parte, as estratégias de reestruturação territorial adotada em políticas públicas locais, metropolitanas e sua relação com as internacionais (reserva da biosfera do cinturão verde de São Paulo e reserva da biosfera da Mata Atlântica). A terceira seção analisa os parques estaduais e urbanos ante as políticas territoriais.
The central argument of this paper is the connection between environmentally protected areas, its importance in the context of a world metropolis and the conflicts arising from growth of the metropolitan population. In cities like Sao Paulo, the presence of vegetation is an asset, an indicator of quality of life taken into account by real estate market. Thus the first aim of this paper is to analyze the territorial perspective of environmental protection referring to if the legal frame of the great metropolis and its territorial planning. In view of these elements the second part analyzes the territorial restructuring strategies adopted in public policies and its relationship with the international level (biosphere reserve of the green belt Sao Paulo and the biosphere reserve of the Atlantic). The third section analyzes the state and urban parks within the territorial politics

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