Nanozymes go oral: nanocatalytic medicine facilitates dental health

Abstract

Nanozymes, a kind of nanomaterial with enzyme-like activity, overcomes many shortcomings of natural enzymes and gradually shines in the field of stomatology.

Cerium oxide nanozyme attenuates periodontal bone destruction by inhibiting the ROS–NFκB pathway

“…17 Among them, an emerging field of nanomaterials termed as "nanozymes" has been opened since 2007, which were defined as nanomaterials possessing enzyme-like characteristics. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Increasing reports have investigated nanozymes with ROS-scavenging properties that can potentially be used for treating a wide variety of inflammatory diseases including Alzheimer's disease, [27][28][29] rheumatoid arthritis, 30,31 and inflammatory bowel disease. 32,33 It is worth mentioning that cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO 2 NPs), a typical and widely-explored nanozyme, have been found to possess activities that mimic those of a number of enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) like-activity, and oxidase-mimicking activity 34 as well as • OH scavenging properties due to the presence of mixed valence states (Ce 3+ and Ce 4+ ).…”

Development of an Ultrasmall and Biocompatible Platinum Nanozyme Encapsulated by Zwitterionic Dendrimer for Highly Sensitive Detection of Glucose

“…However, the natural enzymes have high production costs and are easily deactivated due to the harsh surrounding conditions. 4 Thus, many mimetic enzymes such as Fe 3 O 4 , 5 CoMn 2 O 4 /β-MnO 2 , 6 Co−Fe@hemin-peroxidase nanozyme, 7 Pt@PCN222−Mn, 8 SnFe 2 O 4 , 9 noble metal nanoparticles, 10 FeS 2 nanoparticles, 11 MoO 3 , 12 and ABTS@MIL-100/poly(vinylpyrrolidine) 13 have been developed to overcome the drawbacks of natural enzymes. However, nanozymes still have much lower catalytic activity than natural enzymes in biological complex medium.…”

Mechano-bactericidal anisotropic particles for oral biofilm treatment

“…[7][8][9] These nanostructured materials demonstrate efficacy during biofilm treatment via various mechanisms, including cell membrane damage, reactive oxygen species generation, nanozyme-mediated hydrogen peroxide generation, and metal-ion release from the nanoparticle surfaces. [10][11][12] Still, the use of nanomaterials in healthcare is a debatable topic, and the safety and toxicity of these materials is a concern. [13][14][15] Nevertheless, commercial toothpaste already contains a number of unstructured abrasives playing a minor role in the fight against oral biofilms compared with antimicrobial additives.…”