Nanotechnology in Fire Protection—Application and Requirements

Abstract

Nanotechnology is used, to an increasing extent, in practically every aspect of the economy and society. One area where nanotechnology is constantly advancing is fire protection. Nanostructures are found in elements used in direct protection, such as in protective clothing, filters, and helmets. Solutions in the field of nanotechnology are also used in elements reducing the fire risk and increasing the fire safety, such as building materials and structures, paints, coatings, or fire safety equipment (e.g., fire detectors). However, new solutions may also pose a threat to the safety of people and the environment. As a result of operation or combustion and degradation processes, the emission of nano-substances with toxic properties may occur. Therefore, knowledge in this field is necessary, as it allows for the appropriate targeting and use of nanotechnology.

A New Sight of Ozone Usage in Textile: Improving Flame Retardant Properties

“… Flame retardancy can be achieved through finishing treatments, wherein fabrics are treated with flame-retardant chemicals [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Nanoparticles with flame-retardant properties can be incorporated into coatings or applied directly to fibers to enhance their resistance to ignition [ 15 ]. Phase change materials (PCM) can be integrated into fabrics to provide additional flame resistance while maintaining wearer comfort [ 16 , 17 ].…”

“…Nanoparticles with flame-retardant properties can be incorporated into coatings or applied directly to fibers to enhance their resistance to ignition [ 15 ].…”

Coating Composites Based on Polyurea Elastomers with Increased Fire Resistance and Their Use as Roofing Systems

“…It has become of great interest over the last decade. The global polyurea market was estimated at USD 1.22 billion in 2021 [1,2]. This interest is due to its excellent physicochemical properties, as well as development in the field of its application.…”

Effect of Marble Dust on the Mechanical, Morphological, and Wear Performance of Basalt Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Structural Applications

“…Until now, the significance of reinforcing basalt fibre in polymers to improve the mechanical and thermal properties has not been much explored [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. This is true for randomly oriented short basalt fibre polymer composites.…”

“…This is true for randomly oriented short basalt fibre polymer composites. Considering the recent literature, hybrid composites comprised of carbon/basalt/epoxy showed better fracture strain and tensile strain as compared to carbon fibre epoxy composites; however, the tensile properties were reduced [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. These findings suggested that the arrangement of carbon/basalt fibre in the composite plays a crucial role in enhancing composites’ strength [ 32 ].…”