Nanotechnology Approach for Exploring the Enhanced Bioactivities and Biochemical Characterization of Freshly Prepared Nigella sativa L. Nanosuspensions and Their Phytochemical Profile

Abstract

Nigella sativa is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants as it exhibits several pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and hemolytic. The purpose of this study was to apply the nanotechnology approach for exploring the enhanced bioactivities of freshly prepared Nigella sativa L. nanosuspensions and the phytochemical profile of N. sativa seed ethanolic extract. In this study, we performed the biochemical characterization of Nigella sativa L. ethanolic extract through High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Gas chromatography (GC), and bioactivities in terms of antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and hemolytic activities of nanosuspension and extract were competitively studied. The results revealed that the nanosuspension of N. sativa seeds showed higher total phenolic (478.63 ± 5.00 mg GAE/100 g) and total flavonoid contents (192.23 ± 1.390 mg CE/100 g) than the ethanolic seed extract. The antioxidant activity was performed using the DPPH scavenging assay, and nanosuspension showed higher potential (16.74 ± 1.88%) than the extract. The antidiabetic activity was performed using antiglycation and α-amylase inhibition assays, nanosuspension showed higher antidiabetic potential [antiglycation (58 ± 0.912%)] and [bacterial α-amylase inhibition (18.0 ± 1.3675%)], respectively. Nanosuspension showed higher biofilm inhibition activity against Escherichia coli (66.44 ± 3.529%) than the extract (44.96 ± 2.238%) and ciprofloxacin (59.39 ± 3.013%). Hemolytic activity was performed and nanosuspension showed higher hemolytic activity than the extract as 7.8 ± 0.1% and 6.5 ± 0.3%, respectively. The study showed that nanosuspension had enhanced the bioavailability of bioactive plant compounds as compared to the ethanolic extract. Therefore, nanosuspension of N. sativa seed extract showed higher biochemical activities as compared to the ethanolic extract. This nanotechnology approach can be used as a platform for the development of combination protocols for the characterization of liquid state nanosuspensions in an adequate manner and also for therapeutic applications.

Fabrication of a Polycaprolactone/Chitosan Nanofibrous Scaffold Loaded with Nigella sativa Extract for Biomedical Applications

“…This work demonstrated that the DPPH free radical scavenging activity was greatly enhanced by increasing the quantities of the nanosuspensions and N. sativa extracts. The maximal amount of free radical scavenging activity for nanosuspensions of N. sativa extract was seen at 500 g/mL, according Ali et al [ 74 ]. Thus, the DPPH free radical scavenging activity was dramatically improved by increasing the quantities of the nanofibrous mat.…”

Phytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Nigella sativa Seeds on Wheat Seedlings

“…Te position of the surface plasmon resonance was checked over three weeks, showing the exact position of suspended AgNPs at the prominent peak at 424.1 nm, as shown in our previous report, confrming the stability of the suspension of AgNPs over the tested period. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of N. sativa seed extract has been widely investigated in many studies by standard protocols and found that it contains carbohydrates, oil contents, diferent types of amino acids and proteins, favonoids, steroids, and alkaloids [66][67][68]. Te Ag ions could be reduced by the action of favonoids, alkaloids, and polyphenols in the N. sativa seed extract [66].…”

Biochemical characterization of bioinspired nanosuspensions from Swertia chirayita extract and their therapeutic effects through nanotechnology approach

“…Several studies have reported on the synthesis and formulations of nanosuspensions in many medicinal plants such as Terminalia arjuna [ 9 ], Ginkgo biloba [ 10 ], Mentha arvensis L [ 11 ], Allium cepa [ 12 ], and Nigella sativa L . [ 13 ]. These studies have shown promising results in increasing the bioavailability of natural bioactive compounds.…”

“…Such nanosuspension characteristics have greatly increased the bioavailability and effectiveness of hydrophobic medicines [ 17 ]. Nanosuspensions are currently used for revolutionary cancer therapies and nano-drug delivery systems for fighting cancer and inflammatory diseases [ 13 ].…”