Nanotechnology and multipotent adult progenitor cells in Reparative Medicine: therapeutic perspectives

Mazzeo, Angela; Santos, Enrico Jardim Clemente

doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2018rb4587

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Schwann cells, fibroblasts and macrophages also play important roles in regulating the regeneration microenvironment and improving the regeneration effect through a variety of manual interventions ( Qian et al, 2019 ). Therefore, in peripheral nerves, stem/progenitor cells present potentials in the treatment, cure, and repair of damaged tissues secondary to injury and inflammation ( Mazzeo and Santos, 2018 ). In such a context of inflammation and nerve injury, the sciatic nerve is especially exposed because of its very special anatomical feature: it is the largest peripheral nerve in the human body, but also the most exposed to forces of torsion, traction and pressure during daily activities ( Sladjana et al, 2008 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laparoscopic morphological aspects and tentative explanation of the aetiopathogenesis of isolated endometriosis of the sciatic nerve: a review based on 267 patients

Possover¹

2021

Facts Views Vis ObGyn

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Background: Endometriosis of the sciatic nerve (ESN) is considered a rare disease. How can endometriosis develop within the sciatic nerve; a structure which has nothing in common with the uterus either anatomically or functionally, and why it occurs in the absence of any retroperitoneal/parametric endometriosis, is unknown. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of this enigmatic disease may improve its diagnosis and therapy. Materials and Methods: From a pool of 452 patients operated for ESN, only patients with “isolated” endometriosis of the sciatic nerve” confirmed at laparoscopy were included in this study. Patients with suspicion of ESN by extension from a parametric, ovarian or other intraperitoneal deeply infiltrating endometriosis were excluded from this study. Main outcome measure: All information acquired during the preoperative patient’s medical history and clinical examination were collected and compared with the morphological aspects of the disease observed by the laparoscopic treatment. Patients were classified into three groups according to the time interval between the onset of sciatic pain and the time of surgery: less than 1 year (Group 1), between 1 and 3 years (Group 2), and more than 3 years (Group 3). Results: Two hundred sixty-seven consecutive patients were included in this study. In Group 1 (n=67), 76% of the patients presented with cyclical sciatica, without sensory or motor disorders of the lower limbs. Laparoscopic exploration found in the great majority of these patients only the presence of an isolated endometrioma in the nerve itself, the size of which was proportional to the time elapsed since the onset of pain. In Group 2 (n=83), pain had become constant in 91% of the patients with neurological disorders of the lower limb (foot drop, Trendelenburg gait, atrophied muscles) in about 30% of patients. Laparoscopic examination revealed, in addition to intraneural cystic lesions, a retroperitoneal fibrosis in more than 80% of the patients. In the third group (N=117), more than 80% of the patients presented with neurological disorders of the lower limb, with, on laparoscopic examination, massive retroperitoneal fibrosis with endometriomas in the nerve and adjacent pelvic wall muscles in all patients and an infiltration of the obturator nerve in 41% of patients. Conclusions: The different morphologic aspects of ESN do not correspond to different forms of the disease, but obviously to one single disease at different stages of its evolution. ENS starts first with the development of an endometrioma within the sciatic nerve, then develops in a second step a perineural fibrosis that expands into the whole retroperitoneal space and finally involves surrounding anatomical structures. The ESN is a very particular pathology because it induces a completely new aspect on the pathogenesis of endometriosis: all hypothesis of implanted endometrial cells following retrograde menstruation, angiogenic spread, lymphogenic spread or the metaplasia theory cannot explain the pathogenesis of this disease. ESN obviously does not develop from “genital metastatic cells”. A possible hypothesis for explanation the pathogenesis of ESN, could consist in the development of endometriosis of the nerve from progenitor stem cells present within the nerve, pluripotent cells which, for an as yet unknown reason (possibly in connection with iterative inflammations and micro-damages of the nerve itself), mutate and proliferate to form endometriosis.

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“…With the continuous advancement in nanotechnology, combining stem cells and exosomes with nanotechnology makes treatment more precise and effective. Nanotechnology can allow stem cells to be targeted to specific locations and can also help stem cells in applying their therapeutic potential to treat, heal, and repair damaged tissues in an effective and safe manner 210,211 . Nanotechnology can solve the abnormal proliferation and differentiation of stem cells during the treatment process, 212 improves the possibility of reducing the limitations of stem cells in the treatment of cell regeneration in injured or degenerated organs, enhances tissue repair, and assists in cellular reconstruction.…”

Section: Novel Nanoformulations Loaded With Stem Cells and Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of stem cells in regeneration medicine

Jin

et al. 2023

MedComm

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Regeneration is a complex process affected by many elements independent or combined, including inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Stem cells is a class of primitive cells with the potentiality of differentiation, regenerate with self‐replication, multidirectional differentiation, and immunomodulatory functions. Stem cells and their cytokines not only inextricably linked to the regeneration of ectodermal and skin tissues, but also can be used for the treatment of a variety of chronic wounds. Stem cells can produce exosomes in a paracrine manner. Stem cell exosomes play an important role in tissue regeneration, repair, and accelerated wound healing, the biological properties of which are similar with stem cells, while stem cell exosomes are safer and more effective. Skin and bone tissues are critical organs in the body, which are essential for sustaining life activities. The weak repairing ability leads a pronounced impact on the quality of life of patients, which could be alleviated by stem cell exosomes treatment. However, there are obstacles that stem cells and stem cells exosomes trough skin for improved bioavailability. This paper summarizes the applications and mechanisms of stem cells and stem cells exosomes for skin and bone healing. We also propose new ways of utilizing stem cells and their exosomes through different nanoformulations, liposomes and nanoliposomes, polymer micelles, microspheres, hydrogels, and scaffold microneedles, to improve their use in tissue healing and regeneration.

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“…[5][6][7] Nanotechnology is the synthesis of functional structures on nanoscale, which results in materials with new chemical, biological and physical characteristics as well as novel conductivity, reactivity, functional conformation and smart structures. 8,9 These smart structures provide proper responses, including anti-oxidative, adhesive, migrating and proliferative ones, to physiochemical stimuli in cells in a particular, controlled way. 10 Nanotechnology helps stem cells utilize their therapeutic potential for the treatment and repair of damaged tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>GFc7 as a Smart Growth Nanofactor for ex vivo Expansion and Cryoprotection of Humans’ Hematopoietic Stem Cells</p>

Hafizi¹,

Kalanaky²,

Fakharzadeh³

et al. 2020

IJN

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Background: Nowadays, smart synthesized nanostructures have attracted wide attention in the field of stem cell nanotechnology due to their effect on different properties of stem cells. Methods: GFc7 growth nanofactor was synthesized based on nanochelating technology as an iron-containing copper chelator nanocomplex. The effect of this nanocomplex on the expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as well as its performance as a cryoprotectant was evaluated in the present study. Results: The results showed that the absolute count of CD34 + and CD34 + CD38 − cells on days 4, 7, 10 and 13; the percentage of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme on the same days and CD34 + CXCR4 population on day 10 were significantly increased when they were treated with GFc7 growth nanofactor in a fetal bovine serum (FBS)-free medium. This medium also led to delayed differentiation in HSCs. One noticeable result was that CD34 + CD38 − cells cultured in an FBS medium were immediately differentiated into CD34 + CD38 + cells, while CD34 + CD38 − cells treated with GFc7 growth nanofactor in FBS medium did not show such an immediate significant differentiation. De-freezing GFc7-treated CD34 + cells, which were already frozen according to cord blood bank protocols, showed a higher percentage of cell viability and a larger number of colonies according to colony-forming cell assay as compared to control. Conclusion: It can be claimed that treating HSCs with GFc7 growth nanofactor leads to quality and quantity improvement of HSCs, both in terms of expansion in vitro and freezing and de-freezing processes.

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Nanotechnology and multipotent adult progenitor cells in Reparative Medicine: therapeutic perspectives

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Laparoscopic morphological aspects and tentative explanation of the aetiopathogenesis of isolated endometriosis of the sciatic nerve: a review based on 267 patients

Application of stem cells in regeneration medicine

<p>GFc7 as a Smart Growth Nanofactor for ex vivo Expansion and Cryoprotection of Humans’ Hematopoietic Stem Cells</p>

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