Nanotechnology, an alternative with promising prospects and advantages for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the most important causes of mortality and affecting the health status of patients. At the same time, CVDs cause a huge health and economic burden to the whole world. Although a variety of therapeutic drugs and measures have been produced to delay the progress of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients, most of the traditional therapeutic strategies can only cure the symptoms and cannot repair or regenerate the damaged ischemic myocardium. In addition, they may bring some unpleasant side effects. Therefore, it is vital to find and explore new technologies and drugs to solve the shortcomings of conventional treatments. Nanotechnology is a new way of using and manipulating the matter at the molecular scale, whose functional organization is measured in nanometers. Because nanoscale phenomena play an important role in cell signal transduction, enzyme action and cell cycle, nanotechnology is closely related to medical research. The application of nanotechnology in the field of medicine provides an alternative and novel direction for the treatment of CVDs, and shows excellent performance in the field of targeted drug therapy and the development of biomaterials. This review will briefly introduce the latest applications of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of common CVDs.

Targeting Plasmids to Limit Acquisition and Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistance

“…Studies have demonstrated that intercalating agents are effective in eliminating resistance plasmids (Chassy et al, 1978;Mesas et al, 2004;Ojo et al, 2014;Pulcrano et al, 2016), but the risk of mutagenic effects must be considered. Nanoparticles are another weapon against bacterial resistance, but the main impediment to their use in humans is the lack of information regarding their safety and how they affect the biological integrity of organisms, particularly in terms of producing toxicological, cytotoxic, and genotoxic effects (Li T. et al, 2018). Nanoparticles are predominantly used in doses below the threshold concentrations; thus, they are not considered harmful to the body.…”

Nanomaterials as Novel Cardiovascular Theranostics

“…In this context, nano-based platforms proved to be a dual-responsive system where they could be utilized both as diagnostic and therapeutic tools from a single platform. The localized drug delivery and prolonged therapeutic effect due to increased circulation time also characteristically established the utility of nano-based media [ 123 ]. The nanotechnological intervention also facilitates the diagnosis of disease prognosis and relatively associated therapeutic strategies through a common platform.…”

Nanodelivery of Natural Antioxidants: An Anti-aging Perspective

“…These benefits include improved epithelium permeability, enhanced stability, extended halflife, increased solubility and bioavailability, improved tissue targeting as well as minimized side effects (Date et al, 2016;Kermanizadeh et al, 2018). The nanotechnology-based systems are increasingly applied now to prevent and cure aging-associated pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (Poovaiah et al, 2018;Ramanathan et al, 2018), cardiovascular diseases (Li et al, 2018;Taneja et al, 2019), obesity and type 2 diabetes (Bahadori et al, 2019;Tsou et al, 2019), and also tumors (Qiao et al, 2019).…”