Nanoparticulated polymeric composites enfolding lithium carbonate as brain drug in persuading depression: an in vivo study

Abstract

Lithium carbonate is considered an effective drug against mania and acts as a mood stabilizer. It is found that it enhances antidepressants targeting depression, consequently it is prone to have risk factors that leads to adverse effects. The study is devised in confronting depression under nanoscale by preparing nanocomposites which is a matrix of biopolymer chitosan that encapsulates lithium carbonate by ionic gelation method. This facilitates the drug delivery in a regulated manner targeting the therapeutic action with a limited dosage that lessens the side effects in the course of treatment. The drug polymer interaction was validated by XRD studies, whereas the morphology and size characterization by SEM and zetasizer. The average particle size was determined as 193 ± 0.18 nm with a positive zeta potential of 37.9 mV. The in vitro drug release patterns of nanocomposites were comparatively assayed with the standard lithium carbonate which rendered a controlled release in its profile. The in vivo investigation by animal despair studies bestowed a significant difference in the duration of immobility during force swimming and tail suspension tests. These results were substantiated with histopathological examinations of cerebral cortex region which showed mild cellular edema, degenerative changes and lymphocytic infiltration when compared with the control groups. Consequently, the efficacy of nanocomposites encased with lithium carbonate fortifies targeted drug delivery and restrains adverse effects by endorsing it as a lead compound in brain drug developmental research.

Development of polyvinylpyrrolidone, inorganic nanoparticles, and lithium carbonate nanostructured systems

“…This can be explained by the dispersal of the drug through the PVP/MMT matrix since the process used to develop the nanocomposites was conducted in the presence of the active ingredient by mixing the polymer matrix, clay particles, and the active ingredient, favoring drug dispersion through the nanocomposite matrix 53 . It is likely that the drug molecules at the surface of the nanocomposites were released first, followed by the diffusion of the drug molecules inside the PVP/MMT nanocomposites across the intercalated clay, to the release medium, releasing the lithium carbonate for 6 h 27 . Therefore, a successful drug delivery system was developed in this study.…”

“…The release medium was replaced regularly. This study was conducted in triplicate and standard lithium carbonate was used as a control 27 …”

“…This study was conducted in triplicate and standard lithium carbonate was used as a control. 27 This methodology was used to quantify the amount of lithium carbonate incorporated into the nanocomposite.…”