Nanoparticulate Mn₃O₄/VGCF Composite Conversion-Anode Material with Extraordinarily High Capacity and Excellent Rate Capability for Lithium Ion Batteries

Abstract

In this work, highly conductive vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) was applied as an electrically conductive agent for facile synthesis of a nanoparticulate Mn3O4/VGCF composite material. This material exhibits super high specific capacity and excellent rate capability as a conversion-anode for lithium ion batteries. Rate performance test result demonstrates that at the discharge/charge current density of 0.2 A g(-1) a reversible capacity of ca. 950 mAh g(-1) is delivered, and when the current rate is increased to a high current density of 5 A g(-1), a reversible capacity of ca. 390 mAh g(-1) is retained. Cyclic performance examination conducted at the current density of 0.5 A g(-1) reveals that in the initial 20 cycles the reversible capacity decreases gradually from 855 to 747 mAh g(-1). However, since then, it increases gradually with cycle number increasing, and after 200 cycles an extraordinarily high reversible capacity of 1391 mAh g(-1) is achieved.

In Situ Synthesis of Mn3O4 Nanoparticles on Hollow Carbon Nanofiber as High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery Anode

“…The first peak, centered at 1.38 V, can be attributed to the reduction of Mn 3 O 4 to MnO . The peak between 1 and 0.5 V may be relevant to the decomposition of the organic electrolyte, accompanied by the generation of the solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer . This peak disappears in subsequent cycles.…”

Simple Synthesis of TiO2/MnOx Composite with Enhanced Performances as Anode Materials for Li-Ion Battery

“…The first possible reason for the increased capacity may be the decomposition of some electrolyte adsorbed on the surface of active materials and the delivery of the extra capacity through a so-called "pseudo-capacitance-type behavior" [35]. The second possibility can be the slow activation process of LixMnO2 [21,36]. During the cycling procedure, the coulombic efficiency is close to 100 % except the first a few cycles.…”

“…[42]. Meanwhile, after 200 cycles (the cell was stopped at 3V and then rest for several hours before measurement), the semicircle's diameter of TiO2/MnOx becomes smaller than that of fresh TiO2/MnOx, indicating an increased electrochemical reactivity of electrode reaction taken at the state of a high potential [36]. 6 Li/ 7 Li solid-state NMR spectroscopy represents a powerful technique to investigate the mechanisms for lithium insertion/extraction, and explore the local structure and electronic properties on lithium ion battery performance [43].…”

Coordination-driven self-assembly: construction of a Fe3O4–graphene hybrid 3D framework and its long cycle lifetime for lithium-ion batteries

“…The discharge curves overlap basically at ~0.8 V, which indicates the 95 sustained excellent reversibility of the traditional conversion mechanism in Fe 3 O 4 /G anode. However, the curve's decay below 0.8 V slows down and the voltage hysteresis becomes narrower as confirmed by the closer discharge-charge voltage profiles with cycling, which results from faster kinetics and an improved 100 energy efficiency [51,52]. The electrochemical properties of the Fe 3 O 4 /G hybrid framework prepared in the present work and those of the iron oxide materials reported in the literature are summarized in Table 1.…”