Nanoparticles used in dentistry: A review

Abstract

Nanotechnology is widely used in our day to day life including its use in medicine. Using nanotechnology, it is easy to analyze and manipulate atoms, chemical bonds and molecules present between various compounds. Nanotechnology is used in the dental field as nano dentistry. While choosing the nanoparticle for the use in the field of nano dentistry its chemical, physical, along with the biological aspect of nanostructures are taken into account. Often various atoms or molecules are added to form the functional structure. Nanostructures are used in innovations or diagnosis of dentistry. Some nanoparticles are used for oral disease preventive drugs, prostheses and for teeth implantation. Nanomaterials further deliver oral fluid or drugs, preventing and curing some oral disease (oral cancer) and maintain oral health care up to a high extent. This review summarises the use of various widely used nanoparticle in the field of dentistry.

Pretreatment Of Nano Chitosan And Nano Calcium (X. gideon) In The Application Of Acetic Acid To Enamel Hardness

“…The results of this study are supported by previous studies which stated that enamel surface hardness with application of chitosan had higher enamel hardness in Vickers Hardness test (Visveswaraiah et al, 2014) whereas with the addition of nano calcium we witnessed an increased dental hardness as compared to the absence nano calcium. This shows that the nano particles with small particle size are able to fill the enamel pores that are demineralized so as to increase the hardness and strength of the teeth (Priyadarsini et al, 2017). In the artificial saliva and acetic acid control group, dental hardness is increased, but not as high as those in the presence of nano chitosan and calcium pretreatment.…”

Inhibitory effect of zinc-containing desensitizer on bacterial biofilm formation and root dentin demineralization

“…CS showed better inhibitory effects on biofilm formation compared to NS due to its zinc content in addition to fluoride. Zinc oxide and zinc nanoparticles have comparable antibacterial properties with silver, but -unlike silver-does not have any potential dental discoloration effects 31) . Zinc alone is known to have bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal effects 15,32) , its mechanism of action has been studied previously, but briefly, it showed inhibitory potency on bacterial glycolysis, which works better at neutral pH -while effects of fluoride works much greater at acidic pH values.…”

The Potential Biomedical Application of NiCu Magnetic Nanoparticles

“…There are various applications of NPs (carbon-based nanomaterials, hydroxyapatite, iron oxide, zirconia, silica, silver, and titania) in dentistry [110]. Biocomposite materials (e.g., tiny calcium phosphate crystallites) that bear structural and chemical similarity to hydroxyapatite were shown to effectively integrate into growing human bone.…”

“…Alumina/zirconia nanocomposites are new implant materials that show better efficacy compared with ceramic materials. Zirconia-oxide nanoparticles were found to have anti-biofilm activity against certain bacteria (such as Enterococcus faecalis); therefore, they can be used effectively as polishing agents in dental practices [110,111]. NiCu MNPs are also emerging as potential materials for future use in dentistry.…”