Nanoparticles synthesis by electron beam radiolysis

Abstract

Electron beam (EB) irradiation is a useful method to generate stable silver nanoparticles without the interference of inherent impurities generated from chemical reactions. Our experiments were carried out using linear electron beam accelerators with two different EB absorbed dose rates: 2 kGy min−1 and 7–8 kGy s−1, and with different absorbed dose levels. The optimum conditions for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) generation by radiolysis, or by radiolysis combined with chemical reduction, were established. In order to obtain a good yield for AgNPs synthesized by radiolysis, a high dose rate is required, resulting in a rapid production process. At low absorbed dose rates, the utilization of a stabilization agent is advisable. By modifying the experimental conditions, the ratio between the chemical and radiolytic reduction process can be adjusted, thus it is possible to obtain nanoparticles with tailored characteristics, depending on the desired application.

Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Applications of Metallic Alloy Nanoparticles

“…The type of alloy nanoparticle created depends on the dose of irradiation. A low dose can lead to the creation of core–shell alloy nanoparticles whereas a higher dose controls the making of mixed alloy nanoparticles [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. The difficulty of the radiolytic method is in directing the nanoparticles’ shape.…”

Copper: Synthesis Techniques in Nanoscale and Powerful Application as an Antimicrobial Agent

“…Ablation [85][86][87] Colloidal microemulsion [48,49] Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) [88] Sonochemical [52,[89][90][91] Wire discharge [83,92] Electrochemical [25,40,82,93] Grinding [94] Microwave [43,[95][96][97] Radiolysis [98] Hydrothermal [46,82,99] Aerosol [100] Mechanical attrition [101] obtaining nanoparticles with low quality. Several physical techniques are incorporated during or after a chemical process, for example, the laser ablation requires a colloidal solution, which minimizes the chances of oxidation on the surface of the nanoparticles, and it must be placed in a vacuum chamber in order to remove or extract atoms from a bulk surface through emission of laser beam; this method is not feasible due to the complexity of the equipment and the use of high energy for the laser [26].…”

Plant-Based Bimetallic Silver-Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Perspective of Synthesis, Biomedical Applications, and Future Trends

“…However, methods of synthesizing alloy nanoparticles can also be classified into physical, chemical, and biological approaches [ 27 , 28 ]. Different researches demonstrated Ag/ZnO NP synthesis physically and chemically such as sonochemical precipitation [ 29 – 31 ], radiolytic preparation [ 32 , 33 ], coprecipitation method [ 34 ], low-temperature synthesis [ 35 ], solvothermal synthesis [ 36 , 37 ], polymer-network gel process [ 38 ], and combustion synthesis [ 39 ]. These methodologies have been progressively more unlikely in terms of safety and noxiousness matters.…”