Nanoparticles in the clinic

Abstract

Nanoparticle/microparticle‐based drug delivery systems for systemic (i.e., intravenous) applications have significant advantages over their nonformulated and free drug counterparts. For example, nanoparticle systems are capable of delivering therapeutics and treating areas of the body that other delivery systems cannot reach. As such, nanoparticle drug delivery and imaging systems are one of the most investigated systems in preclinical and clinical settings. Here, we will highlight the diversity of nanoparticle types, the key advantages these systems have over their free drug counterparts, and discuss their overall potential in influencing clinical care. In particular, we will focus on current clinical trials for nanoparticle formulations that have yet to be clinically approved. Additional emphasis will be on clinically approved nanoparticle systems, both for their currently approved indications and their use in active clinical trials. Finally, we will discuss many of the often overlooked biological, technological, and study design challenges that impact the clinical success of nanoparticle delivery systems.

Composite iron oxide–Prussian blue nanoparticles for magnetically guided T₁-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and photothermal therapy of tumors

“…Our Fe 3 O 4 @GdPB contain the following: Fe 3 O 4 , a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved material that has been used for T 2 -weighted (T2W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, in Combidex); 16,17 Prussian blue, an FDA-approved material used in radiation poisoning treatment (as Radiogardase); [18][19][20] and gadolinium, a key component of clinical MRI contrast agents including Magnevist and Gadovist. 21,22 Earlier reports have described the synthesis of magnetic Prussian blue nanoparticles (without gadolinium) for T2W imaging combined with photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors and gene transfection or chemotherapy combined with PTT of tumors.…”

Les nanoparticules polymères pour la délivrance de principes actifs anticancéreux

“…Cette approche a été appliquée à d'autres polymères hydrophobes tels que les poly(acide aminé)s [5] et les PACA [16], permettant également d'augmenter de manière significative le temps de circulation de ces nanoparticules. En ce qui concerne les nanoparticules PEGylées de PLA ou de poly(acide aminé)s, plusieurs essais cliniques sont actuellement en cours pour le traitement de différents cancers (sein, estomac, oesophage, pancréas, poumon, ovaire) [17,18]. On peut citer notamment les micelles polypeptidiques PEGylées de cisplatine et d'oxaliplatine 5 développées par Nanocarrier (NC-6004 et NC-4016), en essais cliniques de phase I-III, et les micelles polymères chargées en Paclitaxel (Ptx) développées par Nippon Kayaku (NK105), en essais cliniques de phase III [18].…”

A rapid screening method to evaluate the impact of nanoparticles on macrophages

“…1 Nanoparticles (NP) are defined as particulate objects from 1 to 100 nm in diameter with specific properties that cannot be found in bulk materials. 2 NP can be designed to possess unique optical properties allowing novel imaging and diagnostic applications, 3 or to serve as highly modular drug delivery systems that target specific organs or cell populations within the body, thus improving drug efficacy and at the same time reducing unwanted side effects.…”