Nanoparticles as Computed Tomography Contrast Agents: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Shilo, Malka; Reuveni, Tobi; Motiei, Menachem; Popovtzer, Rachela

doi:10.2217/nnm.11.190

Cited by 213 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…[4][5][6] Gold has mainly been considered for tumor imaging 7,8 frequently by taking advantage of the progressive permeation through transendothelial pores on tumor blood vessels (the enhanced permeability and retention effect) after intravenous (iv) application. 9 Some studies also achieved good CT imaging contrast after intratumoral injection of GNPs in xenograft tumor mouse models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold nanoparticles allow detection of early-stage edema in mice via computed tomography imaging

Domey¹,

Teichgräber²,

Hilger³

2015

IJN

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Due to their high X-ray attenuation, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) emerged as preclinical contrast agents by giving high vasculature contrast. For this reason, GNPs are regularly applied for computed tomography (CT) imaging of tumors but not for the visualization of inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and applicability of preclinical GNPs (AuroVist™) of two different sizes (1.9 nm and 15 nm) for the detection of inflammation-associated phagocytes in early-stage edema. Both GNP variants were stable under in vitro conditions and achieved high micro-CT (mCT) contrast after embedment into agarose. Fifteen-nanometer GNPs were detected after uptake into macrophages via mCT imaging exhibiting higher X-ray contrast than cells treated with 1.9 nm GNPs and untreated ones. Both 1.9 nm and 15 nm GNPs exhibited good biocompatibility on murine macrophages according to ATP and cellular dehydrogenase levels. Reactive oxygen species levels produced by phagocytic cells decreased significantly ( P ≤0.05) after co-incubation with GNPs regardless of the size of the nanoparticle (NP) in comparison to untreated control cells. In vivo mCT studies of inflammation imaging revealed that GNPs with a diameter of 15 nm accumulated within subcutaneous edema 2 hours after injection with a maximum signaling 8 hours postinjection and could be detected up to 48 hours within the edema region. In contrast, 1.9 nm GNPs were not shown to accumulate at the site of the inflammation region and were mostly excreted via the renal system 2–4 hours after injection. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that both GNP variants (1.9 nm and 15 nm) were stable and biocompatible under in vitro conditions. However, only 15 nm NPs have the potential as contrast agent for phagocyte labeling and applications in CT imaging of inflammation on a cellular level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold nanoparticles allow detection of early-stage edema in mice via computed tomography imaging

Domey¹,

Teichgräber²,

Hilger³

2015

IJN

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“…10,30 This is achieved by varying the concentrations of both [Y(Ac) 3 ⋅ (H 2 O) 4 ] and HF components, while still maintaining their relative molar ratio at 1:3 during the ultrasonic process. Using this strategy we were able to synthesize three groups of YF 3 NPs that varied in length.…”

Section: The Effect Of Yf 3 Np Size On Antimicrobial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Continuing advances in nanotechnology promise to be of great benefit for a wide variety of applications including various medicinal uses, such as therapeutics, diagnostic, or drug delivery. [1][2][3][4][5] The increased resistance of bacteria to traditional antibiotics has created a great need for the development of new antimicrobial agents. 6,7 The application of nanomaterials as new antimicrobials can provide novel modes of action and/or different cellular targets in comparison with existing antibiotics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 F -/HF can bind directly to many enzymes, for example, hemecontaining enzymes or other metalloenzymes, to modulate metabolism. 27,28 Fluoride is also able to form complexes with metals such as aluminum or beryllium, and the complexes, notably AlF 4 -and BeF 3 -⋅ H 2 O, can mimic phosphate, with either positive or negative effects on a variety of enzymes and regulatory phosphatases. 27,28 The fluoride action that appears to be the most important for glycolytic inhibition derives from its weak acid properties and the capacity of HF to act as a transmembrane proton conductor.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of yttrium fluoride nanoparticles

Lellouche¹,

Friedman²,

Gedanken³

et al. 2012

IJN

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Antibiotic resistance has prompted the search for new agents that can inhibit bacterial growth. Moreover, colonization of abiotic surfaces by microorganisms and the formation of biofilms is a major cause of infections associated with medical implants, resulting in prolonged hospitalization periods and patient mortality. In this study we describe a water-based synthesis of yttrium fluoride (YF 3 ) nanoparticles (NPs) using sonochemistry. The sonochemical irradiation of an aqueous solution of yttrium (III) acetate tetrahydrate [Y(Ac) 3 ⋅ (H 2 O) 4 ], containing acidic HF as the fluorine ion source, yielded nanocrystalline needle-shaped YF 3 particles. The obtained NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray elemental analysis. NP crystallinity was confirmed by electron and powder X-ray diffractions. YF 3 NPs showed antibacterial properties against two common bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) at a µg/mL range. We were also able to demonstrate that antimicrobial activity was dependent on NP size. In addition, catheters were surface modified with YF 3 NPs using a one-step synthesis and coating process. The coating procedure yielded a homogeneous YF 3 NP layer on the catheter, as analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. These YF 3 NP-modified catheters were investigated for their ability to restrict bacterial biofilm formation. The YF 3 NP-coated catheters were able to significantly reduce bacterial colonization compared to the uncoated surface. Taken together, our results highlight the potential to further develop the concept of utilizing these metal fluoride NPs as novel antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents, taking advantage of their low solubility and providing extended protection.

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“…21 CT has also been used to image gold nanoparticles to measure the distribution and trafficking of drug molecules conjugated with nanoparticles. 22 In this study, we engineered a collagen hydrogel that is implantable into human gingival tissue, and examined the in vitro release profiles of fluorescently labeled or CT contrast biomolecules and nanoparticles from the hydrogel. Coculture of deliberately damaged gingival cell clusters with the engineered collagen hydrogels facilitated the recovery of the cell clusters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered collagen hydrogels for the sustained release of biomolecules and imaging agents: promoting the growth of human gingival cells

Choi¹,

Park²,

Kim³

et al. 2014

IJN

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We present here the in vitro release profiles of either fluorescently labeled biomolecules or computed tomography contrast nanoagents from engineered collagen hydrogels under physiological conditions. The collagen constructs were designed as potential biocompatible inserts into wounded human gingiva. The collagen hydrogels were fabricated under a variety of conditions in order to optimize the release profile of biomolecules and nanoparticles for the desired duration and amount. The collagen constructs containing biomolecules/nanoconstructs were incubated under physiological conditions (ie, 37°C and 5% CO 2 ) for 24 hours, and the release profile was tuned from 20% to 70% of initially loaded materials by varying the gelation conditions of the collagen constructs. The amounts of released biomolecules and nanoparticles were quantified respectively by measuring the intensity of fluorescence and X-ray scattering. The collagen hydrogel we fabricated may serve as an efficient platform for the controlled release of biomolecules and imaging agents in human gingiva to facilitate the regeneration of oral tissues.

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Nanoparticles as Computed Tomography Contrast Agents: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Cited by 213 publications

References 75 publications

Gold nanoparticles allow detection of early-stage edema in mice via computed tomography imaging

Gold nanoparticles allow detection of early-stage edema in mice via computed tomography imaging

Antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of yttrium fluoride nanoparticles

Engineered collagen hydrogels for the sustained release of biomolecules and imaging agents: promoting the growth of human gingival cells

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