Nanoparticles as Adjuvants in Vaccine Delivery

Garg, Anuj; Dewangan, Hitesh Kumar

doi:10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2020033273

Cited by 48 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…In general, delivery systems used to transfer biological molecules into cells, including physical tools (Liu et al, 2016 ; Du et al, 2018 ), liposomes (Yu et al, 2019 ), polymers (Bose et al, 2019 ), and nanoparticles (Garg and Dewangan, 2020 ), are widely used in laboratory investigations, but these delivery systems are not as clinically effective (Ain et al, 2020 ). Although viral vectors are efficient for delivering vaccine content into host cells, they are challenged by recently reported safety issues like immunogenicity and risk for developing cancer (Batty and Lillicrap, 2019 ), thus resulting in the need for and development of non-viral vectors for vaccine delivery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In silico identification and experimental validation of cellular uptake by a new cell penetrating peptide P1 derived from MARCKS

et al. 2021

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Viral vectors for vaccine delivery are challenged by recently reported safety issues like immunogenicity and risk for cancer development, and thus there is a growing need for the development of non-viral vectors. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are non-viral vectors that can enter plasma membranes efficiently and deliver a broad range of cargoes. Our bioinformatic prediction and wet-lab validation data suggested that peptide P1 derived from MARCKS protein phosphorylation site domain is a new potential CPP candidate. We found that peptide P1 can efficiently internalize into various cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. Receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway is the major mechanism of P1 penetration, although P1 also directly penetrates the plasma membrane. We also found that peptide P1 has low cytotoxicity in cultured cell lines as well as mouse red blood cells. Furthermore, peptide P1 not only can enter into cultured cells itself, but it also can interact with plasmid DNA and mediate the functional delivery of plasmid DNA into cultured cells, even in hard-to-transfect cells. Combined, these findings indicate that P1 may be a promising vector for efficient intracellular delivery of bioactive cargos.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In silico identification and experimental validation of cellular uptake by a new cell penetrating peptide P1 derived from MARCKS

et al. 2021

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“…A largely exploited application of VLPs is their potential in vaccinology where they can offer several advantages over conventional vaccine approaches [18][19][20]. Because of their size and shape, which resembles the actual size and shape of native viruses, these structures can efficiently elicit the immune responses and in VLPs lacking viral genomes there is no potential for replication within the target cells, which offers improved safety especially for immunocompromised or elderly vaccinees [21].…”

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confidence: 99%

Virus-like particles: preparation, immunogenicity and their roles as nanovaccines and drug nanocarriers

et al. 2021

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Virus-like particles (VLPs) are virus-derived structures made up of one or more different molecules with the ability to self-assemble, mimicking the form and size of a virus particle but lacking the genetic material so they are not capable of infecting the host cell. Expression and self-assembly of the viral structural proteins can take place in various living or cell-free expression systems after which the viral structures can be assembled and reconstructed. VLPs are gaining in popularity in the field of preventive medicine and to date, a wide range of VLP-based candidate vaccines have been developed for immunization against various infectious agents, the latest of which is the vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the efficacy of which is being evaluated. VLPs are highly immunogenic and are able to elicit both the antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses by pathways different from those elicited by conventional inactivated viral vaccines. However, there are still many challenges to this surface display system that need to be addressed in the future. VLPs that are classified as subunit vaccines are subdivided into enveloped and non- enveloped subtypes both of which are discussed in this review article. VLPs have also recently received attention for their successful applications in targeted drug delivery and for use in gene therapy. The development of more effective and targeted forms of VLP by modification of the surface of the particles in such a way that they can be introduced into specific cells or tissues or increase their half-life in the host is likely to expand their use in the future. Recent advances in the production and fabrication of VLPs including the exploration of different types of expression systems for their development, as well as their applications as vaccines in the prevention of infectious diseases and cancers resulting from their interaction with, and mechanism of activation of, the humoral and cellular immune systems are discussed in this review.

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“…They induce the production of immune regulatory cytokines, activate inflammations, local inflammation, cellular recruitment, and induce more rapid, broader, and stronger immune responses that are essential for good immunogenicity [ 53 , 54 ]. Nanoparticles and nanovesicles, due to their intrinsic adjuvanticity (by activating complement system, inducing autophagy and activation of inflammasome) are also considered as vaccine adjuvants nanosystems [ 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ].…”

Section: Vaccination Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These classes of vaccines may stand in need of adjuvants to become sufficiently immunogenic, as explained above. As explained in the previous section, nanovesicles are able to function as adjuvants for viral vaccines; therefore, they are regarded as nano-adjuvants (NAs) [ 55 , 58 ]. They can also increase immunogenicity, cellular uptake, and stability of vaccines by encapsulation or absorption of the vaccine antigen or DNA in a proper formulation.…”

Section: Nanotechnology In Drug and Vaccine Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can also increase immunogenicity, cellular uptake, and stability of vaccines by encapsulation or absorption of the vaccine antigen or DNA in a proper formulation. Moreover, it is postulated that various designs of nanoparticles are able to modulate the systemic release of a vaccine and its bio-distribution [ 58 ]. The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has seriously put human health in danger and has resulted in an extensive magnitude of mortality and morbidity all around the world [ 59 ].…”

Section: Nanotechnology In Drug and Vaccine Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methodical Design of Viral Vaccines Based on Avant-Garde Nanocarriers: A Multi-Domain Narrative Review

et al. 2021

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The current health crisis caused by coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and associated pathogens emphasize the urgent need for vaccine systems that can generate protective and long-lasting immune responses. Vaccination, employing peptides, nucleic acids, and other molecules, or using pathogen-based strategies, in fact, is one of the most potent approaches in the management of viral diseases. However, the vaccine candidate requires protection from degradation and precise delivery to the target cells. This can be achieved by employing different types of drug and vaccine delivery strategies, among which, nanotechnology-based systems seem to be more promising. This entry aims to provide insight into major aspects of vaccine design and formulation to address different diseases, including the recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2. Special emphasis of this review is on the technical and practical aspects of vaccine construction and theranostic approaches to precisely target and localize the active compounds.

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Nanoparticles as Adjuvants in Vaccine Delivery

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

In silico identification and experimental validation of cellular uptake by a new cell penetrating peptide P1 derived from MARCKS

In silico identification and experimental validation of cellular uptake by a new cell penetrating peptide P1 derived from MARCKS

Virus-like particles: preparation, immunogenicity and their roles as nanovaccines and drug nanocarriers

Methodical Design of Viral Vaccines Based on Avant-Garde Nanocarriers: A Multi-Domain Narrative Review

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