Nanomaterials for virus sensing and tracking

Abstract

A thorough review of carbon, inorganic and organic nanomaterials for virus recognition covering 462 research works especially since 2017.

Achieving broad availability of SARS-CoV-2 detections via smartphone-based analysis

“…These surface plasmonic enhancement strategies have also been employed for SARS-CoV-2 detections in combination with smartphones. Noble metal NPs possess remarkable plasmonic properties [ 76 , 77 ], which can be modified with bioreceptors and show plasmonic resonance change after interacting with the antigen of SARS-CoV-2 [ 78 ]. For instance, Olalla Calvo-Lozano et al employed an electron beam-deposition system and fabricated 1 nm of titanium (Ti) and 49 nm of gold (Au) sensor chips by metal evaporation [ 79 ].…”

Red emissive carbon dots as a fluorescent sensor for fast specific monitoring and imaging of polarity in living cells

“…14,23 However, complex synthesis procedures, poor water solubility, and most importantly high cytotoxicity and inferior biocompatibility constantly block them from efficient practical biological monitoring and imaging applications. 24,25 By contrast, a uorescent sensor made from nanoparticles has excellent biological affinity and unique photoelectric characteristics, [26][27][28][29] especially for those which are built up by choosing carbon as the basic framework of nanometer quantum dots, not only endowing them with diversied structural variability and abundant modiability, but also enjoying the advantages of abundant and affordable precursors, green and convenient synthesis procedures as well as exceptional characteristics, such as excellent water solubility, negligible toxicity, and terric biocompatibility. [30][31][32][33] These advantages make carbon quantum dots particularly suitable for the real-time detection and imaging of biological activity markers in multitudinous biological events, including polarity response.…”

Two-Way Detection of COVID-19 Spike Protein and Antibody Using All-Dielectric Metasurface Fluorescence Sensors

“…As handy chips, antigen test kits relying on paper-based immunochromatography are used; they are known to be far less sensitive than PCR and qualitative platforms for supplementary tests. Numerous proposals for detecting COVID-19 have been reported in the last two years, and are summarized in several review papers [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no newly established technique that meets the aforementioned criterion, suggesting practical difficulties that have not been noted in previous reports.…”