Nanomaterials and Essential Oils as Candidates for Developing Novel Treatment Options for Bovine Mastitis

Abstract

Nanomaterials have been used for diagnosis and therapy in the human medical field, while their application in veterinary medicine and animal production is still relatively new. Nanotechnology, however, is a rapidly growing field, offering the possibility of manufacturing new materials at the nanoscale level, with the formidable potential to revolutionize the agri-food sector by offering novel treatment options for prevalent and expensive illnesses such as bovine mastitis. Since current treatments are becoming progressively more ineffective in resistant bacteria, the development of innovative products based on both nanotechnology and phytotherapy may directly address a major global problem, antimicrobial resistance, while providing a sustainable animal health solution that supports the production of safe and high-quality food products. This review summarizes the challenges encountered presently in the treatment of bovine mastitis, emphasizing the possibility of using new-generation nanomaterials (e.g., biological synthesized nanoparticles and graphene) and essential oils, as candidates for developing novel treatment options for bovine mastitis.

Composite Materials Based on Gelatin and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for MRI Accuracy

“…The results of antibacterial activity of gelatin-based materials and iron nanoparticles were evaluated against both bacterial strains: Gram-positive ( Staphylococcus aureus ) and Gram-negative ( Escherichia coli ). The bacterial strains were selected for morpho-structural reasons, because both are representative of the bacterial groups to which they belong, are widely distributed in nature, and are frequently encountered in human and animal pathology [ 115 , 116 ].…”

Modified Spirulina maxima Pectin Nanoparticles Improve the Developmental Competence of In Vitro Matured Porcine Oocytes

“…Compared to the control and other treatment groups, matured oocytes in the MSmPNPs 2.5-treated group had significantly higher intracellular GSH levels and lower ROS levels. Increased intracellular GSH levels have been linked to improved cytoplasmic maturation, embryonic development, and offspring production [ 3 ]. Furthermore, GSH levels are important for maintaining the cellular redox; a lack of GSH can lead to apoptotic stimuli in mature ovarian follicles [ 66 , 67 ].…”

“…Nanotechnology is a promising technique owing to its increasing applicability in economically areas, such as agriculture, industry, medicine, and public health [ 1 , 2 ]. Nanotechnology has been applied to improve animal production and health using different approaches [ 3 , 4 ]. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been used in disease diagnosis, drug administration, animal nutrition, reproduction, and food safety [ 5 , 6 ].…”

In vitro antimicrobial effect of essential tea tree oil(Melaleuca alternifolia), thymol, and carvacrol on microorganisms isolated from cases of bovine clinical mastitis

“…Streptococcus mutans [ 20 ]) but also have bactericidal activity against bacteria that are resistant to some antibiotics [ 21 ]. Currently, the use of essential oils and their components is being investigated for the development of strategies to control bovine mastitis [ 13 ], both as adjuvants for vaccines [ 22 , 23 ] and as antimicrobials [ 2 , 6 , 24–27 ]; in some studies, they are evaluated against multidrug-resistant strains isolated from bovine mastitis [ 28 , 29 ], their potential antioxidant and antibiofilm effects have also been studied [ 2 , 30 , 31 ]. The aim of this research is to analyse the in vitro microbicidal activity of tea tree oil (TTO, Melaleuca alternifolia ), thymol, and carvacrol against field isolates and ATCC strains of Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans isolated from cases of clinical mastitis.…”