2022
DOI: 10.1002/admt.202200243
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Nanomaterial‐Based Sensor Arrays With Deep Learning for Screening of Illicit Drugs

Abstract: UNODC) states the seized amounts in decreasing order of cocaine (1131 tons), MA (228 tons), heroin and morphine (139 tons), synthetic cathinone (19 tons), and ketamine (11 tons) in 2018. [2] Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS) have been commonly applied to identify illicit drugs, [3] but they are expensive and require experienced operators to conduct the analysis. In addition, the laboratory usually cannot provide results quickly to law enforcement officers, mainly… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(4 citation statements)
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References 52 publications
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“…The need to overcome the lack of specificity of this sensor probe makes it difficult to identify the presence of illicit drugs in suspected samples with the naked eye. 68 In addition, the use of electrochemical sensing for illicit drug identification has not yet moved away from the use of large instruments, increasing the threshold and cost of drug detection, but its advantages of no sample pre-treatment and fast and accurate analysis are still undeniable. Therefore, the idea of using electrochemical sensors based on different carriers such as wearable gloves to detect illicit drugs provides a new research direction to address the major challenges of field screening, and also takes into account the evaluation of medical facilities and the safety of first responders.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The need to overcome the lack of specificity of this sensor probe makes it difficult to identify the presence of illicit drugs in suspected samples with the naked eye. 68 In addition, the use of electrochemical sensing for illicit drug identification has not yet moved away from the use of large instruments, increasing the threshold and cost of drug detection, but its advantages of no sample pre-treatment and fast and accurate analysis are still undeniable. Therefore, the idea of using electrochemical sensors based on different carriers such as wearable gloves to detect illicit drugs provides a new research direction to address the major challenges of field screening, and also takes into account the evaluation of medical facilities and the safety of first responders.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, Chang et al prepared a sensor array ( B38 ) using an orange-red emissive thiosalicyclic acid-stabilized Ag NC (TA-Ag NCs), a red-magenta -emissive BSA-stabilized Au NC (BSA-Au NCs), a blue-emissive carbon dot (C-dots), and Marquis reagent. 215 B38 is able to sense and differentiate 4-chloroethcathinone (4-CEC), cocaine, ketamine, meth, and heroin, based on their interactions and reactions with the different components of the array: 4-CEC quenches the fluorescence of BSA-Au NCs and C-dots via electron transfer while cocaine only quenches that of C-dots; emission of TA-Ag NCs was enhanced by varying extent of the different drugs due to aggregate formation; meth and heroin induced the formation of light-blue and green -emissive fluorescent polymer particles (FPPs), respectively, with Marquis reagent. Putting these together, a multi-colour array could then be achieved.…”
Section: Sensing Of Drug Moleculesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, the same group developed a nanomaterialbased sensor array comprising bovine serum albumin-stabilized gold nanoclusters (BSA-Au NCs), carbon dots (C dots), thiosalicylic acid-stabilized silver nanoclusters (TA-Ag NCs), and Marquis reagent (an established colorimetric sensor) to identify five illicit drugs. 86 Each of the drugs caused different luminescence responses (turn-on: ''1'', turn-off: ''À1'', and no response: ''0'') when exposed to the four materials. Using this approach, a specific response pattern (e.g., ''0, À1, 1, 0'' for cocaine) could be established for each drug.…”
Section: Nanomaterial-based Sensorsmentioning
confidence: 99%