Nanomaterial-based biosensors for detection of pathogenic virus

Abstract

a b s t r a c tViruses are real menace to human safety that cause devastating viral disease. The high prevalence of these diseases is due to improper detecting tools. Therefore, there is a remarkable demand to identify viruses in a fast, selective and accurate way. Several biosensors have been designed and commercialized for detection of pathogenic viruses. However, they present many challenges. Nanotechnology overcomes these challenges and performs direct detection of molecular targets in real time. In this overview, studies concerning nanotechnology-based biosensors for pathogenic virus detection have been summarized, paying special attention to biosensors based on graphene oxide, silica, carbon nanotubes, gold, silver, zinc oxide and magnetic nanoparticles, which could pave the way to detect viral diseases and provide healthy life for infected patients.

Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Flemingia wightiana: spectral characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activity studies

“…Due to their characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon, AgNPs have been used particularly in the preparation of fluorescent sensors. These sensors could be used for the detection of pathogenic bacteria, fungi and virus of animal and crop diseases [10][11][12]. AgNPs have been widely employed as optical probes for SERS and MEF.…”

Biomedical Science to Tackle the COVID-19 Pandemic: Current Status and Future Perspectives

“…Efficient biotechnological approaches relying on the use of nanomaterials for the detection and monitoring of emerging or re-emerging viral agents, such as West Nile virus, Hantavirus, Nipah virus, Chikungunya, Zika, a variety of influenza strains, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) [ 7 , 163 , 166 , 167 , 168 , 169 ] remain a key goal of current research [ 170 ]. Most of these approaches count on metallic and magnetic NPs, functional thin layers, organic/inorganic NPs, DNA nanostructures, polymer/silica NPs, quantum dots (QDs) and carbon QDs (CQDs) of different shapes, sizes and functionalities [ 163 , 171 , 172 , 173 ].…”

Deposition of nanomaterials: A crucial step in biosensor fabrication

“…Various biosensing devices have been fabricated using the drop-casting method to detect a wide range of analytes, such as biomolecules (i.e., glucose, cholesterol, urea, uric acid, lysine, dopamine, lactate, ascorbic acid, proteins, DNA, RNA, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)), biological agents (i.e., viruses, bacteria, and other pathogenic organisms), toxins, and minerals [73][74][75][76][77][78][79]. The drop-casting method has been utilized to deposit almost all nanomaterials (i.e., metal oxides [zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), nickel oxide (NiO), nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2), cuprous oxide (Cu2O), iron oxide (Fe2O3), titanium dioxide (TiO2), manganese oxide (Mn3O4), ruthenium oxide (RuO2), boron nitride (BN), manganese dioxide (MnO2), cadmium oxide (CdO), cobaltous oxide (CoO), cobaltic oxide (Co2O3) cobalt oxide (Co3O4), cerium oxide (CeO2), and cobalt tungsten oxide (CoWO4)], carbon-based nanomaterials (e.g., graphite, graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO (rGO), carbon nanotube (CNT), and carbon nitride), metal (oxide)/metal oxide nanocomposites (i.e., Ag/NiO, Cu/ZnO, Pt/NiO, CuO/ZnO, Cu/CuO, TiO2/CuO, Pd/CuO, CdO/NiO, and Fe2O3/ZnO), and polymers (poly(pyrrole) (PPy), poly(aniline) (PANI), poly(phenylenevinylene) (PPV), poly(thiophene) (PtH), and their derivatives) onto electrode surfaces for the fabrication of biosensors .…”