Nanofat: A therapeutic paradigm in regenerative medicine

Abstract

Adipose tissue is a compact and well-organized tissue containing a heterogeneous cellular population of progenitor cells, including mesenchymal stromal cells. Due to its availability and accessibility, adipose tissue is considered a “stem cell depot.” Adipose tissue products possess anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects. Nanofat, being a compact bundle of stem cells with regenerative and tissue remodeling potential, has potential in translational and regenerative medicine. Considering the wide range of applicability of its reconstructive and regenerative potential, the applications of nanofat can be used in various disciplines. Nanofat behaves on the line of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. At the site of injury, these stromal cells initiate a site-specific reparative response comprised of remodeling of the extracellular matrix, enhanced and sustained angiogenesis, and immune system modulation. These properties of stromal cells provide a platform for the usage of regenerative medicine principles in curbing various diseases. Details about nanofat, including various preparation methods, characterization, delivery methods, evidence on practical applications, and ethical concerns are included in this review. However, appropriate guidelines and preparation protocols for its optimal use in a wide range of clinical applications have yet to be standardized.

Effect of Nano Fat Graft on the Healing of Donor Site of Split Thickness Skin Graft

“…This indicates that there is a higher incidence in group B to develop hypertrophic scar than group A and that the presence of nano fat resulted in better quality of scar. This can be attributed to the fact that at donor site the adipose derived stromal cells initiate a site-specific reparative response comprised of remodelling of extracellular matrix (ECM), enhanced and sustained angiogenesis, immune system modulation, and cellular turnover [28]. There were specific changes in the VSS score apart from total score where group A showed significant better results than group B as regard vascularity and pliability while no significant difference in pigmentation and height.…”

New strategies accelerate the path to overcome refractory interstitial cystitis

“…15 The other is to establish vascular and naive cellular matrix (a potential back-bone structure as ECM, microvascular fragments [MCFs, containing fragments of arterioles, venules, and capillaries identified by cluster of differentiation 31 [CD31 or platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1] and α-smooth muscle actin, vascular endothelial growth factor [GF], platelet-derived GF, hepatocyte GF, hepatocyte GF, transforming GF-β, basic fibroblast GF, insulin-like GF 1, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor] and possible various pockets of GFs, cytokines, adipokines, and transcriptional factors [lipoxin, resolvins, protectins, neurotrophic factors, angiogenin, matrix metalloproteinase 9, leukemia inhibitory factor, macrophage migration factor, bone marrow protein 2, 4, and interleukin 1RA, 4, 8, 10, 11, and 13] which altogether from secretomes). 12,15 The use of adipose tissue as a resource takes advantages, which not only can be obtained by easy and reproducible manner (accessibility, harvesting, potential, extraction by a non-terminal procedure) but also is absence of ethical concerns. 14,15 Additionally, besides nanofat, ASCs, and secretomes, the products of adipose tissue including macrofat, microfat, MCFs, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and exosomes, contributing to various needs for generative medicine, based on minimal or more manipulation procedure of the adipose tissue.…”

“…12,15 The use of adipose tissue as a resource takes advantages, which not only can be obtained by easy and reproducible manner (accessibility, harvesting, potential, extraction by a non-terminal procedure) but also is absence of ethical concerns. 14,15 Additionally, besides nanofat, ASCs, and secretomes, the products of adipose tissue including macrofat, microfat, MCFs, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and exosomes, contributing to various needs for generative medicine, based on minimal or more manipulation procedure of the adipose tissue. 15…”

“…14,15 Additionally, besides nanofat, ASCs, and secretomes, the products of adipose tissue including macrofat, microfat, MCFs, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and exosomes, contributing to various needs for generative medicine, based on minimal or more manipulation procedure of the adipose tissue. 15…”

Adipocyte-derived Stem Cells in Facial Surgery

“…Recent advances include nanofat (it is an ultra-filtrate of fat cells that is compact bundle of stem cells with regenerative and tissue remodelling potential and behaves on the line of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells) enriched transplants. [ 5 ] These nanofat-derived stem cells with PRF improve facial contour remodelling and skin rejuvenation after autologous structural fat transplantation. They improve the facial skin quality, improve skin density and have anti-wrinkle properties.…”