Pathological enlargement of tongue is caused by several conditions and diseases. In several instances, surgery remains the only viable option for complete cure. Persistent bleeding, compromised neuro-motor-sensory functions during the postoperative period are the most common complaints encountered after macroglossia correction. The tongue is a muscular organ, whose complex neuroanatomy is being unraveled slowly. Various types of macroglossia resections in unique clinical situations have been proposed by several clinicians till date. There has never been unanimously accepted resection for the treatment of macroglossia. This review article attempts to preview the cosmetic and functional components for resection designs.

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Purpose:To document a clinically relevant position of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in complete dentate south Indian patients in the age group of 20–29 years using cone beam computerized tomograms.Materials and Methods:The investigators used a cross-sectional study design and a study sample of subjects who had a radiographically identifiable IAN canal with complete set of 28 permanent teeth excluding 3rd molars. Predictor variables were age, tooth position, and side. Outcome variables were the linear distances between the buccal and lingual aspect of the IAN canal, buccal and lingual cortical thickness, IAN canal diameter, and the superior aspect of the IAN canal from the periapex of first and second mandibular molar. Descriptive statistics and Mann–Whitney U test were performed. P value of ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant.Results:The study sample was composed of 10 male and 10 female patients with a mean age of 24.2 ± 3.00 years. On average, the lingual cortical thickness was 1.68 mm at 1st molar and 1.44 at 2nd molar level. Gender and side influenced the outcome with varying statistical significance.Conclusions:The range of linear dimension of mandibular canal, cortical bone thickness, and distance between tooth apex and IAN canal have been presented for the South Indian population in the age group of 20–29 years. The implications of the findings will influence on the course of surgery. Further large-scale studies are needed to validate the findings of this study.

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Introduction:Lack of sufficient bone height along maxillary sinus poses significant difficulty for placement of implants in edentulous maxillary jaw. Minimally invasive sinus augmentation is an effective solution for this problem. The manuscript intends to present long period results of such augmentation using direct (DSAT) and indirect (ISAT) minimally invasive sinus augmentation technique (SAT) from a single center.Materials and Methods:Records of patients who required minimally invasive sinus augmentation to increase residual bone height for implant placement fulfilling predetermined exclusion and inclusion criteria. Only patients with follow-up records for at least a year were considered. Both DSAT and ISAT were employed for sinus augmentation. The age, gender, period of edentulousness, alveolus thickness at crestal level during the pre- and postoperative assessment, implant length, and diameter of implants were collected from case histories. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, paired test, and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used appropriately. P ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant.Results:There were 197 implants placed and mean age of the group was 40.2 ± 10.7 years. There was a slight male predilection (54.3%). The gain in bone height as expressed in percentage after a year was 134.6%. On comparing the length of residual alveolar bone (RAB) at start and end of study, ISAT had a mean preoperative height of 7.88 mm while postoperative height was 13.22 mm. For DSAT, the mean height at start of treatment was 3.94 mm while at the end it was 10.13 mm. The mean increase in height was 6.19 mm. For both cases, P was 0.000.Discussion:Age, gender, and period of edentulism did not influence the outcome. The alveolar width appears to differ and influence the outcome. When alveolar width increases, wider diameter implants can be placed by compromising height. Thus it is a clinical acumen that would be extremely helpful to gauge the outcome of the condition.