Endometriosis, defined by the presence of viable extrauterine endometrial glands and stroma, can grow or bleed cyclically, and possesses characteristics including a destructive, invasive, and metastatic nature. Since endometriosis may result in pelvic inflammation, adhesion, chronic pain, and infertility, and can progress to biologically malignant tumors, it is a long-term major health issue in women of reproductive age. In this review, we analyze the Taiwan domestic research addressing associations between endometriosis and other diseases. Concerning malignant tumors, we identified four studies on the links between endometriosis and ovarian cancer, one on breast cancer, two on endometrial cancer, one on colorectal cancer, and one on other malignancies, as well as one on associations between endometriosis and irritable bowel syndrome, one on links with migraine headache, three on links with pelvic inflammatory diseases, four on links with infertility, four on links with obesity, four on links with chronic liver disease, four on links with rheumatoid arthritis, four on links with chronic renal disease, five on links with diabetes mellitus, and five on links with cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, etc.). The data available to date support that women with endometriosis might be at risk of some chronic illnesses and certain malignancies, although we consider the evidence for some comorbidities to be of low quality, for example, the association between colon cancer and adenomyosis/endometriosis. We still believe that the risk of comorbidity might be higher in women with endometriosis than that we supposed before. More research is needed to determine whether women with endometriosis are really at risk of these comorbidities.

Red bone marrow and brain tissue are highly radiosensitive in children. We investigate the relationship between childhood computed tomography (ct) exposure and leukaemia, intracranial malignancy and lymphoma. All participants in the study were aged less than 16 years. A total of 1,479 patients in the leukaemia group, 976 patients in the intracranial malignancy group and 301 patients in the lymphoma group were extracted from the Catastrophic Illness Certificate Database in Taiwan as the disease group. In total, 126,677 subjects were extracted from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2010 of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database as the non-disease group. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for childhood CT exposure and times of childhood CT were estimated. childhood ct exposure was correlated to the intracranial malignancy group in both oneyear (oR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.40-2.71, p < 0.001) and two-year (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.04-2.33, p = 0.031) exclusion periods. the time of childhood ct was also correlated to intracranial malignancy in both oneyear (oR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.34-2.13, p < 0.001) and two-year (OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.17-2.04, p = 0.002) exclusion periods. the results indicated that childhood ct exposure was correlated with an increased risk of future intracranial malignancy. Computed tomography (CT) is widely used in modern hospitals and provides accurate, timely information. A previous study estimated that 29,000 cases of cancer and 14,500 deaths in the general population annually in the U.S. may be induced by CT exposure 1. An official report from Australia noted that an irradiation dose of over 20 mSv for the general population was associated with a greater than one in 1000 risk of developing fatal cancers, non-fatal cancers and serious hereditary diseases 2,3. Recently, many studies have found that ionizing radiation exposure in children may cause serious complications, including malignancy 4-7. Several studies demonstrated that red bone marrow and brain tissue were highly radiosensitive, especially during childhood 8-10. A recent report pointed out that the increase in the incidence of all cancers in CT-exposed individuals aged 0-19 years was 9.38 per 100,000 person years in Australia 5. A study from the United Kingdom reported that the relative risk (RR) for individuals aged 0-22 years who received bone marrow radiation doses greater than 30 mGy was 3.18, and the risk for patients who received brain radiation doses greater than 50 mGy was 2.82 4. Leukaemia, intracranial malignancy and lymphoma are the most common malignancies in children in Taiwan 11. Many studies have pointed out a relationship between leukaemia, intracranial malignancy and ionizing radiation exposure 1,9,12-16. Therefore, we aim to investigate the relationships between childhood CT exposure and these three major malignancies using cohort data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance research database (NHIRD).

Local injection for selective abdominal wall pain patients produces significant pain relief. The diagnosis of abdominal wall pain is an important component in avoiding unnecessary operations in patients with abdominal pain.

Concurrent administration of oral mifepristone 200mg and vaginal misoprostol 600μg is an efficacious regimen for medical abortion of pregnancies up to 49 days of gestation.

No abstract

Uterine sarcoma is a very aggressive and highly lethal disease. Even after a comprehensive staging surgery or en block cytoreduction surgery followed by multimodality therapy (often chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy), many patients relapse or present with distant metastases, and finally die of diseases. The worst outcome of uterine sarcomas is partly because of their rarity, unknown etiology, and highly divergent genetic aberration. Uterine sarcomas are often classified into four distinct subtypes, including uterine leiomyosarcoma, low-grade uterine endometrial stromal sarcoma, high-grade uterine endometrial stromal sarcoma, and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma. Currently, evidence from tumor biology found that these tumors showed alternation and/or mutation of genomes and the intracellular signal pathway. In addition, some preclinical studies showed promising results for targeting receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, various kinds of growth factor pathways, Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein signal pathway, aurora kinase A, MDM2 proto-oncogene, histone deacetylases, sex hormone receptors, certain types of oncoproteins, and/or loss of tumor suppressor genes. The current review is attempted to summarize the recurrent advance of targeted therapy for uterine sarcomas.

No abstract

Medical abortion for early termination of pregnancy should be achieved by oral administration of mifepristone, followed by sublingual administration of misoprostol.