Nanoemulsion containing essential oil from Xylopia ochrantha Mart. produces molluscicidal effects against different species of Biomphalaria (Schistosoma hosts)

Abstract

BACKGROUND This work describes a chemical study of the essential oil from leaves of Xylopia ochrantha , an endemic Annonaceae species from Brazil, and its activity against Biomphalaria species. Considering its poor solubility in aqueous medium, the essential oil was nanoemulsified to evaluate its action on controlling some mollusc species of genus Biomphalaria , snail hosts of Schistosoma mansoni that causes schistosomiasis, which mainly affects tropical and subtropical countries. OBJECTIVES The main aims of this work were to analyse the chemical composition of essential oil from X. ochrantha , and to evaluate the effect of its nanoemulsion on molluscs of genus Biomphalaria and their oviposition. METHODS Chemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Nanoemulsions were prepared by a low energy method and characterised by particle size and polydispersity index. Biological assays evaluating the mortality of adult species of B. glabrata , B. straminea and B. tenagophila and their ovipositions upon contact with the most stable nanoemulsion during 24 and 48 h were performed. FINDINGS Chemical analysis by mass spectrometry revealed the majority presence of bicyclogermacrene and germacrene D in the essential oil. The formulation with a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of 9.26 was the most suitable for the oil delivery system. This nanoemulsion caused the mortality in B. tenagophila , B. straminea and B. glabarata of different sizes at levels ranging from 50 to 100% in 48 h. Additionally, the formulation could inhibit the development of deposited eggs. CONCLUSION Thus, these results suggest the use of nanoemulsified essential oil from X. ochrantha as a possible alternative in controlling some Biomphalaria species involved in the schistosomiasis cycle.

Bioactivity of Plectranthus grandis (L.H. Cramer) R.H. Willemse Extracts on Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) in Laboratory

“…Otarigho [17], studying the molluscicidal effect of Cymbopogon citratus leaves and aqueous extracts against the different stages of development of Biomphalaria pfeifferi, used adult animals with shell size between 6-8mm, obtaining CL 90 =159.47 mg/L for ethanolic extract and CL 90 =254.92mg/L for aqueous extract. The work of Araújo et al [18] on the use of nanoemulsion containing essential oil from Xylopia ochrantha Mart. producing molluscicidal effects against different species of Biomphalaria, they used the previously obtained CL 25 , CL 50 and CL 90 for B. glabrata to perform the tests with different species and different shell sizes.…”

Botanical Products in the Treatment and Control of Schistosomiasis: Recent Studies and Distribution of Active Plant Resources According to Affected Regions

“…Treatment with quercetin, myricetin, and ursolic acid at a concentration of 100 ppm for 96 h induced mortalities of 100%, 80%, and 53.33%, respectively [69]. One year later, another study reported the activity of a Brazilian sandbank species against B. glabrata [70]. Nanoemulsified essential oil from leaves of Xylopia ochrantha, an Annonaceae plant, showed activity against three species of Biomphalaria: B. glabrata, B. tenagophila, and B. straminea.…”

“…The similar action was observed on mollusks of different ages and its oviposition. Treatment with this essential oil at a concentration of 78 ppm for 24 h caused 100% mortality of all adult species [70]. Table 2 shows recent studies with Brazilian plants with antischistosoma or molluscicide activity.…”

Ocotea pulchellaas an alternative against schistosomiasis: chemical analysis, development of nanoemulsion and biological control activity

“…On the initial day, the Styrofoam plates were deposited in the water of the B. glabrata rearing tanks for oviposition. After 48 h, the egg capsules were carefully removed from the Styrofoam and then accommodated in 24-well plates using the adapted methodology of Araújo et al (2019). Then, the number of viable eggs at time zero was counted, and then 1000 μL of NE was added to the plate wells at concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 ppm.…”