Nano Fe2O3 embedded in montmorillonite with citric acid enhanced photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles towards diethyl phthalate

Broad Spectral Response Z-Scheme Three-Dimensional Ordered Macroporous Carbon Quantum Dots/TiO2/g-C3N4 Composite for Boosting Photocatalysis

“…Figure S2a shows the XPS survey spectrum of as-prepared samples, and the C, N, Ti, and O elements appear in the 1% CQDs/3DTCN composite. In Figure a (Ti 2p high-resolution XPS spectrum), the peaks located at 458.4 and 464.6 eV could be attributed to Ti 2p 3/2 and Ti 2p 1/2 , respectively, confirming the +4 valence of Ti in the 1% CQDs/3DTCN composite . The peaks at 531.8 and 529.8 eV shown in the O 1s high-resolution XPS spectrum (Figure c) originated from Ti–OH and Ti–O, respectively .…”

“…In Figure 3a (Ti 2p highresolution XPS spectrum), the peaks located at 458.4 and 464.6 eV could be attributed to Ti 2p 3/2 and Ti 2p 1/2 , respectively, confirming the +4 valence of Ti in the 1% CQDs/ 3DTCN composite. 35 The peaks at 531.8 and 529.8 eV shown in the O 1s high-resolution XPS spectrum (Figure 3c) originated from Ti−OH and Ti−O, respectively. 35 The C 1s high-resolution XPS spectrum shows two peaks at 288.4 and 284.8 eV (Figure 3d), in which the peaks at 288.4 and 284.8 eV were designated to N−CN and adventitious carbon (C− C bond), respectively.…”

“…35 The peaks at 531.8 and 529.8 eV shown in the O 1s high-resolution XPS spectrum (Figure 3c) originated from Ti−OH and Ti−O, respectively. 35 The C 1s high-resolution XPS spectrum shows two peaks at 288.4 and 284.8 eV (Figure 3d), in which the peaks at 288.4 and 284.8 eV were designated to N−CN and adventitious carbon (C− C bond), respectively. 36,37 The high-resolution XPS spectrum BET and BJH Tests.…”

Clay-Supported Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Catalytic Advanced Oxidation Processes: A Review

“…The most commonly used metal in Fenton, photo-Fenton, and photo-Fenton-like processes is iron oxide. Its immobilization on clay minerals has been intensively studied for many pollutant compounds consisting of dyes, pesticides, and other persistent organic compounds [ 102 , 185 , 186 ]. Fe 2 O 3 /montmorillonite prepared in some studies exhibited enhanced catalytic and photocatalytic activity.…”

“…The surface-bound •OH was the main radical playing a role in the degradation mechanism, and it can be suppressed by the presence of competitor anions such as Cl − , NO 3 − , and CO 3 2− , as well as the pH condition of the solution. The stabilized iron oxide was found to enhance the effectiveness, with insignificant changes in photocatalytic and catalytic activity after three cycles [ 186 ]. The homogeneous distribution of the metal oxide on the surface morphology affects the reaction effectiveness, which is also controllable by the dispersion method.…”