Nalidixic acid resistance in salmonellae isolated from turkeys and other livestock in Great Britain

Davies, Rob; Teale, C. J.; Wray, C.; McLaren, I.; Jones, Y. E.; Chappell, S.; Kidd, S. A.

doi:10.1136/vr.144.12.320

Cited by 40 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The quinolones and fluoroquinolones are frequently elected drugs for treatment and prevention of Salmonella infections. The increased resistance to nalidixic acid has been attributed before to the use of enrofloxacin (DAVIES et al 1999). However, in the present study the isolates from 1987 to 1991 that were nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistant, showed susceptibility to enrofloxacin.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella Pullorum isolated from ill poultry in Brazil

et al. 2016

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Salmonella Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) and NAL and CIP (78%). The susceptibility profile of S. Gallinarum (2006Gallinarum ( -2013 (2006 -2013 period) showed the following susceptibility rates to NAL (65%), CIP (71%), ENR (94%) and TET (94%). All isolates were susceptible to β-lactams tested, however, resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones increased over time. Furthermore, low levels of resistance to other antibiotics were found in recent isolates, such as tetracyclines. was the following NAL (58%), CIP (63%), ENR (67%), TET (92%), FFC (96%) and SXT (96%). S. Pullorum isolates

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella Pullorum isolated from ill poultry in Brazil

et al. 2016

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“…In 1999, Davies et al reported on nalidixic acid resistance in Salmonella isolated from turkeys and other livestock in Great Britain [9]. They observed an increase in nalidixic acid resistance of up to 31%, especially in turkey.…”

Section: Association Between Fluoroquinolone Consumption and Resistancementioning

confidence: 98%

Epidemiology of resistance to quinolones in Salmonella

Bager¹,

Helmuth

2001

Vet. Res.

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-Fluoroquinolones account for about 11% of antimicrobial prescriptions in human medicine worldwide and represent the drug of choice for the treatment of a wide range of human infectious diseases. They were introduced into veterinary medicine in Europe in the late 1980s and early 1990s and in the USA in 1995. Following their introduction, resistant strains of bacteria, including Salmonella, started to emerge. Resistance to quinolones depends on chromosomal mutations and the subsequent spread of resistant clones. While the selective pressure caused by the use of quinolones facilitates their epidemic transmission, the resistant mutants may spread independently of quinolone use. In view of the key role of this group of antimicrobials in human medicine and the position of Salmonella as the leading cause of food-borne infections in many countries, the public health hazard posed by quinoloneresistant zoonotic Salmonella serovars has been a subject of concern. The fluoroquinolones are on the WHO list of drugs that should be reserved for human use. Considering the mounting evidence that quinolone-resistant zoonotic Salmonella are the cause of severe, sometimes fatal, infections in humans, the use of fluoroquinolones in food animals should be discontinued or severely restricted. Such an intervention should be accompanied by prudent use measures involving all other groups of antimicrobials to reduce the need for fluoroquinolones in veterinary medicine. quinolone resistance / epidemiologyRésumé -Épidémiologie de la résistance aux quinolones chez Salmonella. Les fluoroquinolones représentent environ 11 % de la totalité des prescriptions d'antibiotiques en médecine humaine et sont les antibiotiques de choix pour le traitement d'une grande variété de maladies infectieuses humaines. En médecine vétérinaire, ils ont été introduits en Europe à la fin des années 80-début des années 90, et aux USA en 1995. Après leur introduction, des souches de bactéries résistantes, dont des Salmonella, ont commencé à émerger. La résistance aux quinolones est due à des mutations chromosomiques et à la propagation ultérieure de clones résistants. Alors que la pression de sélection par utilisation de quinolones facilite leur transmission épidémique, les mutants résistants peuvent se propager indé-pendamment de l'utilisation de quinolones. Étant donné le rôle-clé de ce groupe d'antibiotiques en médecine humaine, et le fait que Salmonella soit la cause principale des infections alimentaires dans de nombreux pays, le problème est posé du risque pour la santé publique dû à des sérovars de Vet. Res. 32 (2001) 285-290 285

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“…The dramatic emergence of isolates with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in turkeys occurred rapidly during the 1990s in several countries, and predominantly involved S. Typhimurium DT104 (Allen and Poppe, 2002aPoppe, , 2002bDavies et al, 1999;Malorny et al, 2003;Piddock et al, 1998). The occurrence of such resistance may have been underestimated because of the high test cut off values used to define resistance in some countries (Aarestrup et al, 2010).…”

Section: Increased Virulence or Resistance To Relevant Therapies For mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately the protective methods such as competitive exclusion have met with little favour (Primm et al, 1997). The response of different serovars to antimicrobial exposure is quite variable, with some serovars remaining sensitive whilst others from the same treated flocks are resistant (Davies et al, 1999;Jones et al, 2002). Stable resistance patterns can therefore be useful markers for epidemiological tracking and source attribution (Nayak and Kenney, 2002;Santos et al, 2007).…”

Section: Increased Virulence or Resistance To Relevant Therapies For mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on an estimation of the public health impact of setting a new target for the reduction ofSalmonellain turkeys

Publication¹

2012

EFSA Journal

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The quantitative contribution of turkeys and other major animal‐food sources to the burden of human salmonellosis in the European Union was estimated. A ‘Turkey Target Salmonella Attribution Model’ (TT‐SAM) based on the microbial‐subtyping approach was used. TT‐SAM includes data from 25 EU Member States, four animal‐food sources of Salmonella and 23 Salmonella serovars. The model employs 2010 EU statutory monitoring data on Salmonella in animal populations (EU baseline survey data for pigs), data on reported cases of human salmonellosis and food availability data. It estimates that 2.6 %, 10.6 %, 17.0 % and 56.8 % of the human salmonellosis cases are attributable to turkeys, broilers, laying hens (eggs) and pigs, respectively. The top‐6 serovars of fattening turkeys that contribute most to human cases are S. Enteritidis, S. Kentucky, S. Typhimurium, S. Newport, S. Virchow and S. Saintpaul. Comparing the prevalence of Salmonella in turkey flocks reported in 2010 with a theoretical combined prevalence for S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium of 1 % (i.e. the transitional target), a reduction of 0.4 % in the percentage of turkey‐associated human salmonellosis cases would be achieved. However, when adjusting the combined prevalence of all serovars to 1 %, an 83.2 % reduction in the percentage of turkey‐associated human salmonellosis cases, equivalent to 2.2 % of all human salmonellosis cases, is expected. Uncertainty and data limitations are discussed, including recommendations on how these could be overcome. Vertical transmission of Salmonella as well as hatchery acquired Salmonella contamination originating from breeding stock are very important sources for Salmonella infection in turkeys, and therefore controlling Salmonella in breeding flocks as well as in rearing and fattening flocks is necessary to minimise Salmonella in turkeys at slaughter.

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Nalidixic acid resistance in salmonellae isolated from turkeys and other livestock in Great Britain

Abstract: Heart sounds and murmurs: changes related to severity of chronic valvular disease in the cavalier King Charles spaniel.

Cited by 40 publications

References 23 publications

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella Pullorum isolated from ill poultry in Brazil

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella Pullorum isolated from ill poultry in Brazil

Epidemiology of resistance to quinolones in Salmonella

Scientific Opinion on an estimation of the public health impact of setting a new target for the reduction ofSalmonellain turkeys

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