Nafion-based ionomeric polymer/metal composites operating in the air: theoretical and electrochemical analysis

Gonçalves, Roger; Tozzi, Kaique Afonso; Saccardo, Matheus Colovati; Zuquello, Ariel Gustavo; Scuracchio, Carlos Henrique

doi:10.1007/s10008-020-04520-6

Cited by 22 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…1(A), right side) typically comprises chains of hydrophobic (tetrauoroethylene) and hydrophilic (peruorinated vinyl ether co-monomer) groups with the presence of ionomeric cavities for the transportation of protons. 28,36 Fig. S1, ESI † shows the surface morphology and elemental analysis of the Naon lm, which indicates the presence of smooth surfaces (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoupling mechano- and electrochemical gating: a direct visualization for piezo-ionic propelled proton tunneling in self-charging supercapacitors

et al. 2022

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoupling mechano- and electrochemical gating: a direct visualization for piezo-ionic propelled proton tunneling in self-charging supercapacitors

et al. 2022

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“…The needed low driving voltage (1-5 V), the high ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, fast response, and large deformation are considered the main advantages of this EAP type. On the other hand, electrolysis of electrolytes based on water causing a reduction in ion mobility, cracking of electrodes causing low cycle life, and high dehydration are considered the main disadvantages of ionic polymer-metal composites [73,74]. Since gold, platinum, and palladium exhibit excellent electrical conductivity and high electrochemical stability, they are usually used as electrodes [75,76].…”

Section: Ionic Polymer-metal Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroactive Polymer-Based Composites for Artificial Muscle-like Actuators: A Review

et al. 2022

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Unlike traditional actuators, such as piezoelectric ceramic or metallic actuators, polymer actuators are currently attracting more interest in biomedicine due to their unique properties, such as light weight, easy processing, biodegradability, fast response, large active strains, and good mechanical properties. They can be actuated under external stimuli, such as chemical (pH changes), electric, humidity, light, temperature, and magnetic field. Electroactive polymers (EAPs), called ‘artificial muscles’, can be activated by an electric stimulus, and fixed into a temporary shape. Restoring their permanent shape after the release of an electrical field, electroactive polymer is considered the most attractive actuator type because of its high suitability for prosthetics and soft robotics applications. However, robust control, modeling non-linear behavior, and scalable fabrication are considered the most critical challenges for applying the soft robotic systems in real conditions. Researchers from around the world investigate the scientific and engineering foundations of polymer actuators, especially the principles of their work, for the purpose of a better control of their capability and durability. The activation method of actuators and the realization of required mechanical properties are the main restrictions on using actuators in real applications. The latest highlights, operating principles, perspectives, and challenges of electroactive materials (EAPs) such as dielectric EAPs, ferroelectric polymers, electrostrictive graft elastomers, liquid crystal elastomers, ionic gels, and ionic polymer–metal composites are reviewed in this article.

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“…Therefore, some studies present alternatives to prevent Nafion´s hydration level variations during its operation. Among them is the use of non-aqueous solvent, as is the case of ionic liquid 28 , the use of IPMC encapsulation 29 , applications in an underwater environment, and applications in a controlled RH environment 30 , which is the case of this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PI Controller for IPMC Actuators Based on Nafion®/PT Using Machine Vision for Feedback Response at Different Relative Humidities

et al. 2022

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Ionomeric Polymer-Metal Composites (IPMCs) are sandwich-like materials based in a polymeric membrane covered on both sides by metallic electrodes. Its operation mechanism consists of hydrated ions migration in response to an external electrical field generated between the electrodes, leading to a spatially nonuniform mass accumulation which causes the device to bend. Its performance as an actuator depends mainly on the environment's relative humidity and electrical stimuli. Consequently, IPMCs present variations in the electromechanical properties exhibiting nonlinearities and time-varying behaviors, limiting the major applications. For this reason, this paper investigated a PI controller performance to overcome these drawbacks and effectively control a Nafion-based IPMC-Li + exposed to different relative humidities and electrical stimulis. The PI control system uses a camera with a machine vision application as a feedback sensor. Support instrumentation was developed to control the relative humidity, apply an electrical stimulus, and measure the electromechanical response. The pattern recognition algorithm implemented in the controller is efficient, with accuracy above 95%, making the feedback sensor reliable. Therefore, the PI controller was effective, stable, and capable of controlling and characterizing IPMC devices when relative humidity was above 60% at a low-frequency displacement and avoided the undesired back-relaxation phenomenon.

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Nafion-based ionomeric polymer/metal composites operating in the air: theoretical and electrochemical analysis

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

Decoupling mechano- and electrochemical gating: a direct visualization for piezo-ionic propelled proton tunneling in self-charging supercapacitors

Decoupling mechano- and electrochemical gating: a direct visualization for piezo-ionic propelled proton tunneling in self-charging supercapacitors

Electroactive Polymer-Based Composites for Artificial Muscle-like Actuators: A Review

PI Controller for IPMC Actuators Based on Nafion®/PT Using Machine Vision for Feedback Response at Different Relative Humidities

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