NaCl + CH₃OH + H₂O Mixture: Investigation Using the Pitzer and the Modified Pitzer Approaches To Describe the Binary and Ternary Ion–Nonelectrolyte Interactions

Abstract

In this work, NaCl electrolyte in different mass fractions of CH 3 OH (x) + H 2 O (1 − x) mixed solvents (where x = 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, and 0.50) were investigated by the Pitzer and the modified Pitzer equations. Since in mixed solvent electrolyte system the interactions of the ion−nonelectrolyte are absent in the Pitzer equation, the modified Pitzer equations were used for the determination of the binary and ternary ion− nonelectrolyte interaction parameters. The experimental data were obtained by using a galvanic cell using an Na + -glass membrane and Ag/AgCl electrodes for collecting the potentiometric data with a series of electrolyte solutions, at (298.15 ± 0.05) K.

A review of sodium chloride-based electrolytes and materials for electrochemical energy technology

“…For example, the binary and ternary ionnonelectrolyte interactions in the NaCl + CH 3 OH + H 2 O mixture system were investigated and described using both the Pitzer and the modied Pitzer approaches. 92 The latter can be used to determine the interaction coefficients of various binary ionsolvent and ternary ion-ion-solvents. Therefore, the application of the Pitzer equation can provide theoretical support for the study of the thermodynamic properties of NaCls-based electrolytes for the development of composite electrolytes.…”

Thermodynamic Study of Binary Sodium Chloride and Rubidium Chloride in Mixed Methanol–Water Employing the EMF Method

“…It should be noted that the standard state for the mean activity coefficients was assumed as the ideal dilute solution. Figure illustrates the variation of mean activity coefficients of the first electrolyte (NaCl) versus the total ionic strength (for r = 150, and results for other molal ratios are the same) for different percentages of methanol in water, at T = 298.15 K. The corresponding subsystems for NaCl + H 2 O and also for NaCl + CH 3 OH (10%) + H 2 O are included in Figure , and this result was expected and the plot situated above all the other curves for the system under consideration in the presence of additional component methanol or RbCl. Additionally, Figure displays that activity coefficients of NaCl initially decreased with an increase in the values of ionic strength under study and then almost remained stable within the molalities restricted by electrolyte solubility.…”

“…In the relations above, z designates the charge number of ions; m represents the ionic molalities in kg·mol –1 ; I = m NaCl + m RbCl indicates the ionic strength of the salts (total molality) NaCl and RbCl based on a molality scale; y refers to the ionic strength fraction ( y = y 2 = m RbCl / I ); and β (0) (kg·mol –1 ), β (1) (kg·mol –1 ), and C φ (kg 2 ·mol –2 ) designate the solute-specific interaction parameters of the Pitzer equation for single-salt electrolytes in the mixed solvent (alcohol + water), which are taken from the literature. , Parameters α and b are presumed to be invariable with quantities of 2.0 and 1.2 (kg 1/2 ·mol –1/2 ) correspondingly; in addition, θ NaRb (kg·mol –1 ) and ψ NaRbCl (kg 2 ·mol –2 ) are the two- and three-particle unknown mixture interaction parameters for a mixed-electrolyte system that can be determined based on a multiple linear regression method. A φ denotes the Debye–Hückel coefficient for the osmotic function of (alcohol + water) mixture and expressed as A φ = 1 3 false( 2 π N A ρ A ) 1 / 2 true( e 2 4 π ε 0 ε r k T ) 3 / 2 where N A , ε 0 , k , ρ A , T , and ε r signify Avogadro’s number, the vacuum permittivity constant, the Boltzmann constant, and the density, temperature, and relative permittivity of the mixed solvent, respectively.…”

A Benchmark Database for Mixed-Solvent Electrolyte Solutions: Consistency Analysis Using E-NRTL

“…For (water + methanol + NaCl), apart from the data sets summarized in Table , there are a few other data sets for MIAC and VLE. ,− However, the R data sets agree very well with each other. For MIAC, data sets from refs and deviate significantly from the R data sets, while data sets from refs , , and deviate from the R data sets by only a few percent. For VLE, there is another data set .…”