N-Graphene Nanowalls via Plasma Nitrogen Incorporation and Substitution: The Experimental Evidence

Santhosh, N.; Filipič, Gregor; Kovačević, Eva; Jagodar, Andrea; Berndt, Johannes; Strunskus, Thomas; Kondo, Hiroki; Hori, Masaru; Tatarova, E.; Cvelbar, Uroš

doi:10.1007/s40820-020-0395-5

Cited by 70 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…They also found that the conductivity was decreasing with increasing nitrogen content in the range of N/C from 9.5 to 22%). Different results were reported by Santhosh et al [29], who found decreasing conductivity of N-doped CNWs for both N 2 -and NH 3 -plasma treatment, where the maximum nitrogen content was 8 and 2.8 at.% for N 2 and NH 3 plasma, respectively. No correlation between the measured conductivity and nitrogen content was found by Santhosh et al…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“… Treatment times for N-doping were mostly of the order of 10 min (without taking into account the time needed for the preparation of the pristine graphene samples in the case of the two-step procedure). In rare cases, treatment times of the order of 10 s were reported [ 29 , 41 ]. RF plasma was used in both cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be stressed that such systematic experiments take time, especially spectra acquisition and the interpretation. Comparison of surface finishes obtained by different gases (N 2 and NH 3 ) using the same experimental system was reported in [ 29 ]. Nitrogen content in graphene-like materials is generally higher when using N 2 -plasma than NH 3 -plasma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Santhosh et al [ 29 ] compared the doping of CNWs treated in N 2 or NH 3 plasma. A source of nitrogen radicals was inductively coupled RF plasma, and the samples were placed in the afterglow region.…”

Section: Plasma-assisted Synthesis Of N-doped Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Strategies for the Synthesis of N-Doped Graphene-Like Materials

et al. 2020

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Methods for synthesizing nitrogen-doped graphene-like materials have attracted significant attention among the scientific community because of the possible applications of such materials in electrochemical devices such as fuel cells, supercapacitors and batteries, as well as nanoelectronics and sensors. The aim of this paper is to review recent advances in this scientific niche. The most common synthesis technique is nitridization of as-deposited graphene or graphene-containing carbon mesh using a non-equilibrium gaseous plasma containing nitrogen or ammonia. A variety of chemical bonds have been observed, however, it is still a challenge how to ensure preferential formation of graphitic nitrogen, which is supposed to be the most favorable. The nitrogen concentration depends on the processing conditions and is typically few at.%; however, values below 1 and up to 20 at.% have been reported. Often, huge amounts of oxygen are found as well, however, its synergistic influence on N-doped graphene is not reported. The typical plasma treatment time is several minutes. The results reported by different authors are discussed, and future needs in this scientific field are summarized. Some aspects of the characterization of graphene samples with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy are presented as well.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plasma-assisted Synthesis Of N-doped Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Strategies for the Synthesis of N-Doped Graphene-Like Materials

et al. 2020

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“…However, the peak from Na is observed in 5, and 8 min plasma treated samples, which can be due to the recombination of the functional entities on the surface during the reformation. The high-resolution C 1s spectra of the non-treated and 1, 3 and 5 min treated samples were deconvoluted to three main peaks located at 284.8, 286.3 and 288.3 eV, corresponding to C–C bonds, sp 3 C–C/carbon singly-bound to oxygen, and the carbon in carbonyl groups ( Figure 5 a–e) [ 52 ]. In addition to these peaks, the plasma-treated sample exhibited an additional peak at 290.8 eV, corresponding to the π-π* shake-up satellite.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oriented Carbon Nanostructures from Plasma Reformed Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Polymer Gels for Gas Sensor Applications

et al. 2020

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Oriented carbon nanostructures (OCNs) with dominant graphitic characteristics have attracted research interest for various applications due to the excellent electrical and optical properties owing to their vertical orientation, interconnected structures, electronic properties, and large surface area. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is considered as a promising method for the large-scale synthesis of OCNs. Alternatively, structural reformation of natural carbon precursor or phenol-based polymers using plasma-assisted surface treatment is also considered for the fabrication of OCNs. In this work, we have demonstrated a fast technique for the synthesis of OCNs by plasma-assisted structure reformation of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) polymer gels using radio-frequency inductively coupled plasma (rf-ICP). A thin layer of RF polymer gel cast on a glass substrate was used as the carbon source and treated with rf plasma under different plasma discharge conditions. Argon and hydrogen gases were used in surface treatment, and the growth of carbon nanostructures at different discharge parameters was systematically examined. This study explored the influence of the gas flow rate, the plasma power, and the treatment time on the structural reformation of polymer gel to produce OCNs. Moreover, the gas-sensing properties of as-prepared OCNs towards ethanol at atmospheric conditions were also investigated.

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Regulating Dendrite‐Free Zinc Deposition by 3D Zincopilic Nitrogen‐Doped Vertical Graphene for High‐Performance Flexible Zn‐Ion Batteries

Cao

Gao

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

209

165

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The rapidly growing demand for wearable and portable electronics has driven the recent revival of flexible Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs). However, issues of dendrite growth and low the flexibility of Zn metal anode still impede their practical application. Herein, 3D nitrogen‐doped vertical graphene nanosheets in situ grown on carbon cloth (N‐VG@CC) are proposed to enable uniform Zn nucleation, thereby obtaining a dendrite‐free and robust Zn anode. The introduced zincopilic N‐containing groups in N‐VG effectively reduce the Zn nucleation overpotential by enhancing the interaction between Zn2+ ion and carbon substrate, as confirmed by density functional theory calculations, thus achieving uniform distribution of Zn nucleus. Moreover, the 3D nanosheet arrays can homogenize electric distribution, which optimizes the subsequence Zn deposition process and realizes the highly reversible Zn plating/stripping process. Consequently, the as‐prepared Zn@N‐VG@CC anode exhibits an improved overall electrochemical performance compared with Zn@CC. As a proof‐of‐concept application, the high‐performance Zn@N‐VG@CC electrodes are successfully employed as anodes for coin and flexible quasi‐solid‐state ZIBs together with MnO2@N‐VG@CC (deposited MnO2 nanosheets on N‐VG@CC) as cathodes. More importantly, the flexible ZIB exhibits impressive cycling stability with 80% capacity retention after 300 cycles and outstanding mechanical flexibility, indicating a promising potential for portable and wearable electronics.

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N-Graphene Nanowalls via Plasma Nitrogen Incorporation and Substitution: The Experimental Evidence

Cited by 70 publications

References 74 publications

A Review of Strategies for the Synthesis of N-Doped Graphene-Like Materials

A Review of Strategies for the Synthesis of N-Doped Graphene-Like Materials

Oriented Carbon Nanostructures from Plasma Reformed Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Polymer Gels for Gas Sensor Applications

Regulating Dendrite‐Free Zinc Deposition by 3D Zincopilic Nitrogen‐Doped Vertical Graphene for High‐Performance Flexible Zn‐Ion Batteries

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