A Review of Strategies for the Synthesis of N-Doped Graphene-Like Materials

Vesel, Alenka; Zaplotnik, Rok; Primc, Gregor; Mozetič, Miran

doi:10.3390/nano10112286

Cited by 50 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The amorphous phase will deposit, especially at elevated pressures, but will be effectively removed by weak bombardment with positive ions and chemical interaction with reactive neutral species such as H and/or O atoms. Some authors also performed the synthesis of CNWs in nitrogen or ammonia plasma to allow for the doping of CNWs with nitrogen atoms and thus affecting their electronic properties [8]. This was also one of the reasons for choosing polymers such as PA6 and ABS in this investigation, because they contain nitrogen.…”

Section: Influence Of the Processing Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These techniques usually require a long deposition time of minutes or even hours. The current progress in the synthesis of carbon nanowalls has been reviewed in the papers [7,8]. Recently, we have shown that nitrogen-containing carbon nanomesh can be deposited in nitrogen plasma using polymer polyethylene terephthalate as the source of a carbon precursor [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Plasma Deposition of Carbon Nanomaterials Using Various Polymer Materials as a Carbon Atom Source

et al. 2022

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Carbon nanowalls are promising materials for various electrochemical devices due to their chemical inertness, desirable electrical conductivity, and excellent surface-to-mass ratio. Standard techniques, often based on plasma-assisted deposition using gaseous precursors, enable the synthesis of top-quality carbon nanowalls, but require long deposition times which represents a serious obstacle for mass applications. Here, an alternative deposition technique is presented. The carbon nanowalls were synthesized on titanium substrates using various polymers as solid precursors. A solid precursor and the substrate were mounted into a low-pressure plasma reactor. Plasma was sustained by an inductively coupled radiofrequency discharge in the H-mode at the power of 500 W. Spontaneous growth of carbon nanomaterials was observed for a variety of polymer precursors. The best quality of carbon nanowalls was obtained using aliphatic polyolefins. The highest growth rate of a thin film of carbon nanowalls of about 200 nm/s was observed. The results were explained by different degradation mechanisms of polymers upon plasma treatment and the surface kinetics.

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Section: Influence Of the Processing Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Plasma Deposition of Carbon Nanomaterials Using Various Polymer Materials as a Carbon Atom Source

et al. 2022

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“…This indicates most of the CO bonds have disappeared and the maximum number of CN bonds were created. [62] The successful incorporation of nitrogen as well as the nitrogen species conversion that occurs during carbonization in the HCNB was investigated by the high-resolution N 1s XPS spectra (Figure 3c). As shown in Figure 3c, the RGO-700 has no signal due to the absence of nitrogen species.…”

Section: Bonding Feature Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow Carbon Nanoballs on Graphene as Metal‐Free Catalyst for Overall Electrochemical Water Splitting

Begum

Ahmed

Jung

2021

Adv Materials Inter

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A great deal of research effort has been dedicated for designing an efficient bifunctional metal‐free carbon catalyst for electrochemical water splitting, however, it remains challenging to introduce multiactive sites into a single catalyst. Herein, a series of bifunctional catalysts is designed that exploit intramolecular reorientation of nitrogen atom within the hollow nanoball from polyacrylonitrile on graphene through thermal treatment to achieve covalent doping. The as synthesized hollow carbon nanoballs on graphene (HCNB@G) catalysts have huge defective edges and microporous channels and contain a high density of electroactive graphitic‐N and pyridinic‐N as dual‐active sites. As a result, the optimized HCNB@G‐700 enhances electrocatalytic activities for both oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER) in 1.0 m KOH by generating 217 and 108 mV overpotential to gain a current density of 10 mA cm−2, respectively. This remarkable electrocatalytic activity mainly originates from the appropriate combination of suitable nitrogen active sites and edge defects with microchannels that not only facilitate the penetration of electrolyte but also improve the stability of the HCNB@G. In addition, the superior conductivity and high surface area of HCNB@G boost electrocatalytic activity by supporting efficient charge transport and enabling rapid mass diffusion with gas release, respectively.

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“…All the graphenic materials can be doped in an easy, tunable way, thus being suitable for energy storage applications [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Functionalized Graphene Nanomaterials for Advanced Applications

et al. 2021

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Interest in the development of graphene-based materials for advanced applications is growing, because of the unique features of such nanomaterials and, above all, of their outstanding versatility, which enables several functionalization pathways that lead to materials with extremely tunable properties and architectures. This review is focused on the careful examination of relationships between synthetic approaches currently used to derivatize graphene, main properties achieved, and target applications proposed. Use of functionalized graphene nanomaterials in six engineering areas (materials with enhanced mechanical and thermal performance, energy, sensors, biomedical, water treatment, and catalysis) was critically reviewed, pointing out the latest advances and potential challenges associated with the application of such materials, with a major focus on the effect that the physicochemical features imparted by functionalization routes exert on the achievement of ultimate properties capable of satisfying or even improving the current demand in each field. Finally, current limitations in terms of basic scientific knowledge and nanotechnology were highlighted, along with the potential future directions towards the full exploitation of such fascinating nanomaterials.

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A Review of Strategies for the Synthesis of N-Doped Graphene-Like Materials

Cited by 50 publications

References 74 publications

Comparison of Plasma Deposition of Carbon Nanomaterials Using Various Polymer Materials as a Carbon Atom Source

Comparison of Plasma Deposition of Carbon Nanomaterials Using Various Polymer Materials as a Carbon Atom Source

Hollow Carbon Nanoballs on Graphene as Metal‐Free Catalyst for Overall Electrochemical Water Splitting

An Overview of Functionalized Graphene Nanomaterials for Advanced Applications

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