Authors are listed in an order by their first contribution part to this paper and its subsections. Some have contributed to more than one subsection. This white paper considers the future of plasma science and technology related to the manufacturing and modifications of plastics and textiles, summarizing existing efforts and the current state-of-art for major topics related to plasma processing techniques. It draws on the frontier of plasma technologies in order to see beyond and identify the grand challenges which we face in the following 5-10 years. To progress and move the frontier forward, the paper highlights the major enabling technologies
The antibacterial and cell-proliferative character of atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) helps in the healing process of chronic wounds. However, control of the plasma-biological target interface remains an open issue. High vacuum ultraviolet/ultraviolet (VUV/UV) radiation and RONS flux from plasma may cause damage of a treated tissue; therefore, controlled interaction is essential. VUV/UV emission from argon APPJs and radiation control with aerosol injection in plasma effluent is the focus of this research. The aerosol effect on radiation is studied by a fluorescent target capable of resolving the plasma oxidation footprint. In addition, DNA damage is evaluated by plasmid DNA radiation assay and cell proliferation assay to assess safety aspects of the plasma jet, the effect of VUV/UV radiation, and its control with aerosol injection. Inevitable emission of VUV/UV radiation from plasmas during treatment is demonstrated in this work. Plasma has no antiproliferative effect on fibroblasts in short treatments (t < 60 s), while long exposure has a cytotoxic effect, resulting in decreased cell survival. Radiation has no effect on cell survival in the medium due to absorption. However, a strong cytotoxic effect on the attached fibroblasts without the medium is apparent. VUV/UV radiation contributes 70% of the integral plasma effect in induction of single- and double-strand DNA breaks and cytotoxicity of the attached cells without the medium. Survival of the attached cells increases by 10% when aerosol is introduced between plasma and the cells. Injection of aerosol in the plasma effluent can help to control the plasma–cell/tissue interaction. Aerosol droplets in the effluent partially absorb UV emission from the plasma, limiting photon flux in the direction of the biological target. Herein, cold and safe plasma-aerosol treatment and a safe operational mode of treatment are demonstrated in a murine model.
One of the driving forces behind the development of cold plasma sources at atmospheric pressure is an application in the biomedical field. In this respect, the radio-frequency (RF) plasma jets are of particular importance due to possible safe operation on humans and a generation of the high amount of reactive species. For this reason, we designed RF plasma jet in co-axial geometry with the possibility of aerosol introduction, where its characteristics were evaluated by electrical diagnostics, optical emission, and laser scattering spectroscopy. The RF plasma jet operation and stability of diffuse mode were analysed based on energy balance. It was observed that mode diffuse discharge characterized by effluent length up to 5 mm was sustained at power density below 30 W/cm 3 . The gas and rotational temperature were determined by means of spectroscopy methods and compared with results of direct laser scattering. It was established that gas temperature obtained from N2 emission of transition C 3 ПuB 3 Пg (0,2) is highly overestimated whereas the gas temperature estimated from OH transition A 2 Σ+X 2 Пi (0,0) gave a reasonable agreement with both Rayleigh and Raman spectroscopy. Based on Rayleigh scattering method uniform gas temperature distribution in the discharge effluent was found at power below 15 W with average temperature below 340±15 K. The low gas temperature of Ar plasma jet allows using this source in temperature sensitive material applications including skin treatments.
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