N-Acetylaspartylglutamate

Tieman, Suzannah Bliss; Butler, Kevin; Neale, Joseph H.

doi:10.1001/jama.1988.03720130078037

Cited by 18 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…16 We have also explored silica dissolution using the saturated analog of catechol, ethylene glycol (egH 2 ), giving quantitative yields of new glycolatosilicates, [17][18][19][20] 19 Dissolution thermodynamics are similar to those found for pressurized SiO 2 dissolution in aqueous base at similar temperatures, used commercially to make silicates. 21,22 For Scheme 5(a-c), where the products are neutral alkoxysilanes, the activation energies are similar, 19…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The selective dissolution of rice hull ash to form [OSiO1.5]8[R4N]8(R = Me, CH2CH2OH) octasilicates. Basic nanobuilding blocks and possible models of intermediates formed during biosilicification processes

et al. 2005

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The selective dissolution of rice hull ash to form [OSiO1.5]8[R4N]8(R = Me, CH2CH2OH) octasilicates. Basic nanobuilding blocks and possible models of intermediates formed during biosilicification processes

et al. 2005

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Reductions in N‐acetylaspartylglutamate and the 67 kDa form of glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactivities in the visual system of albino and pigmented rats after optic nerve transections

Moffett

2003

J of Comparative Neurology

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This study compares the immunohistochemical distributions of N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) and the large isoform of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD(67)) in the visual system of albino and pigmented rats. Most retinal ganglion cells and their axons were strongly immunoreactive for NAAG, whereas GAD(67) immunoreactivity was very sparse in these cells and projections. In retinorecipient zones, NAAG and GAD(67) immunoreactivities occurred in distinct populations of neurons and in dense networks of strongly immunoreactive fibers and synapses. Dual-labeling immunohistochemistry indicated that principal neurons were stained for NAAG, whereas local interneurons were stained for GAD(67). In contrast to the distribution observed in retinorecipient zones, most or all neurons were doubly stained for NAAG and GAD(67) in the thalamic reticular nucleus. Ten days after unilateral optic nerve transection, NAAG-immunoreactive fibers and synapses were substantially reduced in all contralateral retinal terminal zones. The posttransection pattern of NAAG-immunoreactive synaptic loss demarcated the contralateral and ipsilateral divisions of the retinal projections. In addition, an apparent transynaptic reduction in GAD(67) immunoreactivity was observed in some deafferented areas, such as the lateral geniculate. These findings suggest a complicated picture in which NAAG and GABA are segregated in distinct neuronal populations in primary visual targets, yet they are colocalized in neurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus. This is consistent with NAAG acting as a neurotransmitter release modulator that is coreleased with a variety of classical transmitters in specific neural pathways.

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N‐acetylaspartylglutamate immunoreactivity in neurons of the monkey's visual pathway

Tieman

Neale

Tieman

1991

J of Comparative Neurology

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The acidic dipeptide N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) was identified immunohistochemically within neurons of the visual pathways of two adult macaque monkeys which had undergone midsagittal sectioning of the optic chiasm 6 or 9 years earlier. In both temporal and nasal retinae, amacrine cells, including some displaced amacrine cells, expressed NAAG immunoreactivity. In temporal but not nasal retina, retinal ganglion cells were stained, as were their dendrites in the inner plexiform layer, and their axons in the optic nerve fiber layer. In nasal retina, the ganglion cells had degenerated because they were axotomized by the optic chiasm section. In the target regions of the retinal ganglion cells, the superior colliculus and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), both neuropil and cell bodies were stained. In LGN, staining was confined to layers 2, 3, and 5, that is, to the layers innervated by the intact ipsilateral pathway. Immunoreactivity was also seen in the cells of layers 2, 3A, 4B, 5, and 6 of area 17 and layers 3 and 5 of area 18. The neuropil was stained in all layers of area 17, but more heavily in layers 1, 2, 4B, the bottom of 4C beta, 5B, and 6B. Within 4C the staining was patchy; in tangential sections there were alternating bands of light and dark label which matched the ocular dominance bands demonstrated by cytochrome oxidase histochemistry in adjacent sections. This banding pattern is consistent with the presence of NAAG in geniculocortical terminals of the intact ipsilateral pathway and the absence of such terminals for the contralateral pathway, which had undergone transneuronal degeneration due to the optic chiasm sectioning. Overall, our results for monkey are very similar to those in cat and suggest that NAAG or a structurally related molecule may have a prominent role in the communication of visual signals at retinal, thalamic, and cortical levels.

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N-Acetylaspartylglutamate

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

The selective dissolution of rice hull ash to form [OSiO1.5]8[R4N]8(R = Me, CH2CH2OH) octasilicates. Basic nanobuilding blocks and possible models of intermediates formed during biosilicification processes

The selective dissolution of rice hull ash to form [OSiO1.5]8[R4N]8(R = Me, CH2CH2OH) octasilicates. Basic nanobuilding blocks and possible models of intermediates formed during biosilicification processes

Reductions in N‐acetylaspartylglutamate and the 67 kDa form of glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactivities in the visual system of albino and pigmented rats after optic nerve transections

N‐acetylaspartylglutamate immunoreactivity in neurons of the monkey's visual pathway

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