N−1 security in optimal power flow control applied to limited areas

Abstract

Blackouts in recent years have demonstrated that a reliable and secure power system is a key component of an efficient economy. Therefore control devices such as flexible AC transmission system devices (FACTS) are placed in the system and utilised to improve the security of the system. A method to determine appropriate settings for these devices is optimal power flow control. As the area of influence of a FACTS device is usually limited, it is sufficient to include only a reduced area in the optimisation problem. Here, such an optimal power flow problem is formulated where the considered area is defined using sensitivity analysis. To include N 2 1 security as an objective, a current injection method is applied, which facilitates the determination of the system state in the case of a line outage, without having to carry out a full-load flow simulation.

Potential and Efficient Computation of Corrective Power Flow Control in Cost vs. Risk Trade-Off

“…Hence, a measure for the consequence is given by (9) where is the set of operational constraints in the system and the set of operational constraints associated with grid elements which have failed in contingency .…”

“…In [6], [7], a solution algorithm for preventive and corrective SCOPF is presented using contingency filtering techniques and in [8], [9] methods for the efficient solution of N-1 security power flow based on current injections are described. In [10], an LP-based approach is proposed for corrective FACTS control and in [11]- [13] corrective topology switching is employed.…”

Assessment on baseline and higher order grid security criteria: Prospects for insular grid applications

“…In case of disruptions caused by any component failure, weather conditions or unforeseen events, the system must also tolerate the adversities with no outage of any additional components, so at any time sufficient contingency should be provided [8].…”

“…Another effective method to determine system security is to apply a current injection method where a line outage is simulated by the introduction of current injections at system buses [8]. Security analyses that try to capture cascading events causing blackouts are often made with probabilistic methods, where significant computation time reduction is achieved in comparison with deterministic approaches.…”

A concept of Robust Power System Security and its application under renewable energy sources penetration

“…The concept of the N-1 security has been proposed in [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], and is widely used globally in various power systems at present. On the other hand, various probabilistic approaches have been proposed for keeping up power system security taking into account possible events as well as operation conditions with their occurrence probabilities [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”